"In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material."
The arrangement of atoms and molecules in crystals and how they influence properties.
Introduction to Crystal Structures: This includes understanding the different types of crystal structures, their properties, and the factors that affect them.
Symmetry and Point Groups: This involves understanding the symmetry elements and operations that describe crystal structures and their point group classifications.
Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells: This includes learning about the mathematical models that describe crystal lattices and their fundamental structure, the unit cell.
X-Ray Diffraction: This involves the principles of X-ray diffraction, its instrumentation and applications in studying crystal structure.
Crystallographic Planes and Directions: This involves understanding the notation and representation of crystallographic planes and directions, their Miller indices, and their significance in crystal structures.
Crystal Defects: This includes learning about the different types of crystal defects such as vacancies, interstitials, dislocations, and grain boundaries, and their impact on materials engineering properties.
Crystal Symmetry and Properties: This involves understanding the relationship between the symmetry and properties of crystals, and their applications in materials engineering.
Crystallography and Phase Transformations: This includes learning about crystallography and phase transformations, such as solid-solid transformations, solid-liquid transformations, and solid-gas transformations.
Crystallography and Materials Design: This involves understanding the relationship between crystallography and materials design, and how crystal structures are used to design new materials with enhanced properties.
Advanced Topics in Crystallography: This includes advanced topics such as crystallographic texture, diffraction imaging, and electron diffraction, and their applications in materials engineering.
Cubic System: This is the simplest and most symmetrical crystal structure. The unit cell of a cubic system has six faces, and all edges are of the same length.
Hexagonal System: The unit cell in this crystal structure is a hexagon that is elongated in one direction. One side of the hexagon is longer than the five other sides, giving the unit cell a prismatic shape.
Tetragonal System: The tetragonal crystal system has a shape similar to the cubic system but is elongated in one direction. It has 4 faces which are rectangular in shape.
Orthorhombic System: An orthorhombic crystal structure is elongated in three directions, making its unit cell rectangular. The shape of the unit cell is not always the same as the rectangular shape.
Rhombohedral System: This system is also known as the trigonal system. The unit cell is a rhombohedron, which is a six-sided figure with six angles of the same shape.
Monoclinic System: This crystal structure has a trapezoidal shape that is inclined toward one direction. It has several faces, which include a rectangular face and a rhomboid-shaped face.
Triclinic System: This crystal structure is the least symmetrical and has a shape that is not regular in any direction. The unit cell has three sides of different lengths and three angles that are not the same.
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter."
"The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal, which is built up by repetitive translation of the unit cell along its principal axes."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants, also called lattice parameters or cell parameters."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material is determined by the crystal structure."
"The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups."
"The unit cell completely reflects the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal."
"The lengths of the principal axes, or edges, of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants."
"The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice."
"The unit cell is built up by repetitive translation along its principal axes."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties."
"All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by the 230 space groups."
"The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical transparency."
"The ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules is the fundamental feature of crystal structures."
"Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space."