"An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs."
The software that manages computer hardware and provides services for executing applications. It includes process and memory management, file systems, and network protocols.
Introduction to Operating Systems: This topic covers the basic concepts, components, functions, and types of Operating Systems.
Process Management: The management of processes on the CPU, including scheduling, synchronization, and communication.
Memory Management: The organization and allocation of memory in a computer system, including virtual memory, paging, and segmentation.
File Systems: The organization and management of files on a computer, including file access, permissions, and storage.
Input/Output Management: The management of input/output devices for interacting with a computer, including device drivers, interrupts, and buffers.
Network and Distributed Systems: The design and management of computer networks, including protocols, routing, and security.
Operating System Design and Implementation: The preparation, design, and creation of an operating system from scratch.
Operating System Security: The implementation and improvement of security measures to protect against viruses, hackers, and other cyber attacks.
Real-Time and Embedded Systems: The design and application of operating systems for special-purpose systems such as real-time and embedded systems, including performance, efficiency, and reliability.
Multi-Processor Systems: The design and management of systems with multiple processors, including issues related to programming, synchronization, and communication.
Operating System Interoperability: The ability of different operating systems to work together and share resources, including protocols, interfaces, and standards.
Cloud Computing: The management of computer resources through a network, including virtualization, provisioning, and scalability.
Windows: Windows is the most popular operating system for personal computers. Developed by Microsoft, it provides users with a user-friendly graphical interface and supports a wide range of applications.
macOS: MacOS is the operating system developed by Apple for its Macintosh computers. It is known for its intuitive user interface and seamless integration with other Apple devices.
Linux: Linux is an open-source operating system that is popular among developers and IT professionals. It is free and highly customizable, making it a popular choice for use in servers, supercomputers, and other specialized systems.
Android: Android is an operating system developed by Google for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches. It is based on the Linux kernel and has a vast collection of apps available in the Google Play Store.
iOS: IOS is the operating system developed by Apple for its mobile devices such as the iPhone and iPad. It is known for its sleek design, security features, and high-quality apps.
Chrome OS: Chrome OS is a lightweight operating system developed by Google that is designed to run on Chromebook laptops. It is based on the Linux kernel and focuses heavily on cloud computing and web applications.
Ubuntu: Ubuntu is a popular open-source operating system developed by Canonical Ltd. It is based on the Linux kernel and is known for its ease of use and community-driven development.
Fedora: Fedora is another open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is developed by the Fedora Project, which is sponsored by Red Hat Inc. It is known for its focus on cutting-edge technologies and features.
Solaris: Solaris is a UNIX-based operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. It is known for its high level of scalability and stability, which makes it popular among large corporations and government organizations.
FreeBSD: FreeBSD is an open-source operating system based on the Unix platform. It is known for its highly advanced networking capabilities and its high level of security.
OpenBSD: OpenBSD is an offshoot of Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), another popular UNIX-based operating system. It is known for its high level of security and robustness.
NetBSD: NetBSD is another open-source operating system based on the BSD platform. It is known for its highly portable nature, which makes it possible to run on a wide range of hardware platforms.
AIX: AIX is a UNIX-based operating system developed by IBM. It is optimized for use on IBM's Power Systems hardware and is known for its high level of scalability and reliability.
HP-UX: HP-UX is another UNIX-based operating system, designed by Hewlett Packard. It is optimized for use on HP's servers and workstations and is known for its high level of compatibility and reliability.
OS/2: OS/2 is an older operating system developed by IBM and Microsoft. It provides users with a graphical user interface and a range of applications, but is no longer widely used.
"Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and other resources."
"For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware."
"Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers."
"In the personal computer market, Microsoft Windows holds a dominant market share of around 75%."
"macOS by Apple Inc. is in second place with a market share of 15%."
"The varieties of Linux are collectively in third place with a market share of 3%."
"In the mobile sector (including smartphones and tablets), Android's share is 70.82% in the year 2020."
"According to third quarter 2016 data, Android's share on smartphones is dominant with 87.5 percent."
"Apple's iOS has a market share of 12.1 percent on smartphones."
"While other operating systems amount to just 0.3 percent."
"Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors."
"Yes, other specialized classes of operating systems (special-purpose operating systems), such as embedded and real-time systems, exist for many applications."
"Yes, security-focused operating systems also exist."
"Some operating systems have low system requirements (e.g. light-weight Linux distribution). Others may have higher system requirements."
"Some operating systems require installation or may come pre-installed with purchased computers (OEM-installation), whereas others may run directly from media (i.e. live CD) or flash memory (i.e. USB stick)."
"An operating system (OS)... provides common services for computer programs."
"Time-sharing operating systems... may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and other resources."
"For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware."
"Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers."