"Education policy consists of the principles and policy decisions that influence the field of education, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems."
Studies the process of creating policies that affect the education system, including the interaction of stakeholders and the role of politics.
The policy-making process: This topic focuses on the various stages involved in the policy-making process, including agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation.
Stakeholder analysis: This topic explores the various stakeholders involved in education policy and reform, such as policymakers, educators, parents, students, and interest groups. It also highlights their roles, interests, and influence in the policy-making process.
Educational governance: This topic examines the structure and functions of educational governance, including federal, state, and local levels of government, as well as the role of non-governmental organizations and private institutions.
Education and economic development: This topic explores the relationship between education and economic development, including the impact of educational policies and reforms on the economy, workforce development, and job creation.
Comparative education policy: This topic compares educational policies and practices across different countries, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each system.
Education finance: This topic focuses on the financing of education, including the sources of funding, funding formulas, and the distribution of resources.
Education assessment and accountability: This topic explores the ways in which education policies and reforms are evaluated and how accountability is established, including standardized testing, teacher evaluations, and school ratings.
Curriculum development: This topic examines the process of curriculum development, including the design, implementation, and evaluation of educational programs.
Teacher quality and professional development: This topic explores the preparation and professional development of teachers, including certification requirements, teacher preparation programs, and ongoing professional development.
Educational equity and access: This topic focuses on the efforts to improve access to education and ensure equitable opportunities for all students, including historically marginalized groups such as low-income students, students with disabilities, and English language learners.
Top-down policy-making: In this type of policy-making process, policies are developed by the top leadership and then passed down to lower levels of the organization or institutions. It is a centralized approach to policy-making that often bypasses the views, input, and concerns of stakeholders.
Bottom-up policy-making: This policymaking approach, on the other hand, is characterized by inputs and contributions from various actors and groups at the local level, including grassroots organizations, community-based groups, and stakeholders. It involves a participatory and democratic approach to policy-making.
Collaborative policy-making: In this type of policymaking process, policymakers work together with stakeholders, including community groups, non-governmental organizations, and individuals, to develop policy. Collaborative policy-making processes aim to increase the understanding, buy-in, and ownership of policy among stakeholders.
Incremental policy-making: This policymaking approach involves the gradual and piecemeal modification of existing policies, based on feedback and experience. It is often used when policymakers lack a comprehensive understanding of the issue at hand or are uncertain about how best to proceed.
Disruptive policy-making: Disruptive policymaking is a radical approach to policymaking, characterized by abrupt and far-reaching changes to existing policies intended to address systemic or structural shortcomings. This approach is often used when policymakers believe the problem can only be addressed by uprooting and replacing the existing system.
Transformative policy-making: Transformative policymaking is a more ambitious approach that seeks to change the fundamental assumptions, values, and frameworks underpinning policy. This approach aims to address the root causes of social and economic inequalities and often involves a fundamental rethinking of the social order.
Political policy-making: Political policymaking refers to the policymaking process that is highly influenced by political actors, interests, and preferences. It is a highly contested and divisive process where ideological, partisan, and personal interests can shape policymaking decisions.
Evidence-based policy-making: Evidence-based policymaking involves using data, research, and evidence to develop policies and measure their impact. Policymakers take into account the available evidence and data during policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation.
Rational policy-making: The rational policymaking approach is based on the use of facts, data, and rigorous analysis to develop policy, and policy-making that is considered highly rational or logical.
Administrative policy-making: Administrative policymaking refers to the policymaking process prevalent in public administration or governmental organizations. It is a highly bureaucratic process, characterized by a set of procedures, rules, and regulations that guide policymaking and decision-making processes.
"Education governance may be shared between the local, state, and federal government at varying levels."
"Examples of such educational institutions may include early childhood education centers, kindergarten to 12th grade schools, two- and four-year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education institutes, adult-education establishments, and job-training schemes."
"The educational goals of these institutions influence education policy."
"Examples of areas subject to debate in education policy, specifically from the field of schools, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, police in schools, tracking, teacher selection, education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school-infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model."
"Issues in education policy also address problems within higher education. The Pell Institute analyzes the barriers experienced by teachers and students within community colleges and universities. These issues involve undocumented students, sex education, and federal-grant aides."
"Education policy analysis is the scholarly study of education policy."
"For example, researchers are affiliated with schools and departments of education, public policy, psychology, economics, sociology, and human development. Additionally, sociology, political science, economics, and law are all disciplines that can be used to better understand how education systems function, what their impacts are, and how policies might be changed for different conditions."
"Education policy is sometimes considered a sub-field of social policy and public policy."
"Examples of education policy analysis may be found in such academic journals as Education Policy Analysis Archives and in university-policy centers such as the National Education Policy Center housed at the University of Colorado Boulder."
"Some analysts see education policy in terms of social engineering."
"Education governance may be shared between the local, state, and federal government at varying levels."
"The principles and policy decisions that influence the field of education, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems."
"Examples of such educational institutions may include early childhood education centers, kindergarten to 12th grade schools, two- and four-year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education institutes, adult-education establishments, and job-training schemes."
"These education policies can affect the education people engage in at all ages."
"Examples of areas subject to debate in education policy, specifically from the field of schools, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, police in schools, tracking, teacher selection, education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school-infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model."
"The Pell Institute analyzes the barriers experienced by teachers and students within community colleges and universities. These issues involve undocumented students, sex education, and federal-grant aides."
"It seeks to answer questions about the purpose of education, the objectives (societal and personal) that it is designed to attain, the methods for attaining them and the tools for measuring their success or failure."
"Researchers are affiliated with schools and departments of education, public policy, psychology, economics, sociology, and human development."
"Examples of education policy analysis may be found in such academic journals as Education Policy Analysis Archives and in university-policy centers such as the National Education Policy Center housed at the University of Colorado Boulder."