- "In economics, a common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system... whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use."
Economic analysis of shared resources such as fisheries, forests, and grazing lands, and ways to prevent overuse and depletion.
Tragedy of the Commons: This concept refers to a situation where individuals, acting in their own self-interest, use a shared resource to the point of depletion or degradation.
Property Rights: This is the legal framework that determines who has the right to use and manage a resource, and how the benefits and costs associated with its use will be allocated among different users.
Governance: This refers to the rules, norms, and institutions that impact the behavior of individuals using a common pool resource. It includes both formal institutions like laws and regulations, as well as informal norms like social customs and taboos.
User Groups: This concept refers to the different groups of people who use a common pool resource and the ways in which they interact with each other. It includes topics like communication, trust, and cooperation among user groups.
Resource Monitoring and Assessment: This includes the methods and tools used to collect data on the state of a common pool resource, such as fish populations, water quality, or soil fertility.
Environmental Externalities: This concept refers to the unintended impacts that the use of a common pool resource can have on the environment, including pollution, erosion, and habitat destruction.
Technological Change: This includes the ways in which advances in technology can impact the use and management of common pool resources, such as improving monitoring, reducing waste, or increasing efficiency.
Institutional Change: This includes the ways in which changes in governance structures and property rights can impact the behavior of individuals using a common pool resource.
Social Capital: This includes the level of trust, cooperation, and shared values among individuals using a common pool resource. It can impact the success of governance systems and the ability of user groups to work together.
Economic Development: This includes the broader economic context in which a common pool resource is used, including factors like market demand, subsidies, and globalization. It can impact the incentives and behavior of individuals using a common pool resource.
Fisheries: Natural resources found in open or enclosed waters which are harvested for commercial, recreational or subsistence purposes.
Forests: A natural resource where trees are grown and harvested for timber, paper products, fuel, and other purposes.
Grasslands: Areas of land covered with grass and other herbaceous plants that are grazed by livestock or harvested for hay.
Water: A natural resource that is used for drinking, irrigation, hydropower, and recreational activities.
Minerals: Substances that are naturally occurring and mined for a variety of purposes, such as fuel or construction materials.
Atmosphere: The mixture of gases that surround the Earth, used for a variety of purposes including transportation, power production, and manufacturing.
Fossil Fuels: Nonrenewable resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are used for energy production.
Wildlife: Living organisms such as mammals, birds, and reptiles that are hunted for sport or commercial purposes.
Land: Natural resource that is used for agriculture, housing, and other purposes.
Biodiversity: The variety of all living organisms on Earth, which is essential for ecological balance and human survival.
- "Unlike pure public goods, common pool resources face problems of congestion or overuse because they are subtractable."
- Examples could include "an irrigation system or fishing grounds."
- It is a "resource system... whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use."
- "A common-pool resource typically consists of a core resource (e.g. water or fish), which defines the stock variable, while providing a limited quantity of extractable fringe units, which defines the flow variable."
- "The core resource is to be protected or nurtured in order to allow for its continuous exploitation."
- The fringe units are "harvested or consumed."
- "Common pool resources face problems of congestion or overuse because they are subtractable."
- "A common-pool resource... makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use."
- Common pool resources are not entirely exclusive, whereas private goods can be fully excluded.
- "The core resource is to be protected or nurtured in order to allow for its continuous exploitation."
- The potential benefits depend on the specific resource system and may include irrigation or fishing.
- The cost is "costly, but not impossible" to exclude potential beneficiaries.
- The paragraph does not discuss the term "common goods," so this question cannot be answered based on the given information.
- Yes, common pool resources can face the problem of "congestion or overuse."
- The paragraph does not specifically mention what limits the extraction of fringe units.
- "A common-pool resource typically consists of a core resource (e.g. water or fish), which defines the stock variable, while providing a limited quantity of extractable fringe units, which defines the flow variable."
- The primary purpose is to "allow for [the core resource's] continuous exploitation."
- Ownership is not discussed in the given paragraph, so this question cannot be answered.
- The fringe units can be "harvested or consumed." Please note that some questions cannot be answered based on the given paragraph, as the specific information is not provided.