Oceanography

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The scientific study of the physical, chemical, geological, and biological aspects of the ocean.

Marine Geography: Study of the physical environment of the ocean ecosystem, including its geography, topography, bathymetry, and currents.
Biological Oceanography: Study of the living organisms in the marine ecosystem, including their ecology, genetics, and behavior.
Chemical Oceanography: Study of the chemical composition of seawater, including its properties, dynamics, and biogeochemical cycles.
Physical Oceanography: Study of the physical properties of seawater, including its temperature, salinity, and pressure, and the forces that affect its movement.
Marine Geology: Study of the geological processes and history of the ocean floor, including the formation of ocean basins, the movement of tectonic plates, and the distribution of sediments.
Ocean Engineering: Design and construction of equipment and systems for use in marine environments, including ships, offshore platforms, and oceanographic instrumentation.
Marine Ecology: Study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment in the marine ecosystem, including food webs, population dynamics, and biodiversity.
Marine Resources: Study of the sustainable use and management of oceanic resources, including fisheries, mineral deposits, and energy sources.
Marine Policy and Law: Development and implementation of rules and regulations governing the use and conservation of marine resources, including international treaties, national laws, and local regulations.
Oceanography History: The history of oceanography, including the major discoveries, expeditions, and individuals who have contributed to our understanding of the oceans.
Biological Oceanography: This field of Oceanography deals with the study of marine life and ecosystems, including the effects of physical, chemical, and geological processes on marine organisms.
Chemical Oceanography: This field of Oceanography focuses on the chemical composition of seawater, including the processes that govern the distribution of various elements and compounds in the ocean.
Coastal Oceanography: This field of Oceanography is concerned with the study of physical and biological processes in nearshore environments, such as estuaries, bays, and tidal zones.
Geological Oceanography: This field of Oceanography deals with the study of the geology of the ocean floor and its relationship to plate tectonics, sedimentation, and other geologic processes.
Marine Biology: This field of Oceanography is concerned with the study of the behavior, biology, and ecology of marine organisms, including fish, sharks, whales, and other marine mammals.
Marine Geology: This field of Oceanography explores the geologic history of the ocean floor, including the study of deep sea trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and other geological features that influence ocean circulation and climate.
Physical Oceanography: This field of Oceanography focuses on the physical properties of seawater, including temperature, salinity, pressure, and circulation patterns.
Polar Oceanography: This field of Oceanography deals with the study of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, including the effects of climate change on polar ecosystems and the role of these regions in global climate systems.
Ocean Engineering: This field of Oceanography involves the design and construction of marine structures, including offshore oil rigs, pipelines, and other infrastructure.
Oceanography Education and Outreach: This field of Oceanography aims to increase public understanding of oceanographic research and promote awareness of the importance of ocean conservation and protection.
Oceanography Technology and Instrumentation: This field is concerned with the development of new technologies and instruments to better explore and understand the ocean, including remote sensing techniques, underwater vehicles, and ocean observatories.
Fisheries Oceanography: This field of Oceanography focuses on the study of fish populations, including their migration patterns, reproductive behavior, and interactions with their environment.
Marine Policy and Governance: This field of Oceanography deals with the legal and policy frameworks that govern the use and protection of ocean resources, including fisheries, shipping, and offshore energy development.
"Oceanography, also known as oceanology, sea science and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans."
"It covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology."
"It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics..."
"Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing')..."
"...including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science and ocean science..."
"The diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology."
"...fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean..."
"...including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"It is an Earth science..."
"Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans..."
"...ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."