"Oceanography, also known as oceanology, sea science and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans."
The study of the ocean, its physical and chemical properties, and its interactions with the atmosphere, land, and biota.
Oceanography: The scientific study of the physical, chemical, geological, and biological aspects of the ocean.
Marine geology: The study of the structure, composition, and evolution of oceanic crust, sediments, and the processes that shape the seafloor.
Physical oceanography: The study of the physical properties of the ocean such as temperature, salinity, currents, and waves.
Chemical oceanography: The study of the chemistry of the ocean and its processes, such as the carbon cycle and nutrient cycling.
Biological oceanography: The study of life in the ocean, including the distribution and abundance of marine organisms, and the processes that control their growth and reproduction.
Ocean circulation: The movement of water in the ocean, including global ocean circulation, deep water formation, and the interaction with atmospheric processes.
Oceanic plate tectonics: The study of the movement and interaction of oceanic plates, including the formation of oceanic ridges and trenches, and the causes of earthquakes and volcanic activity.
Coastal processes: The study of the physical and biological processes that shape coastal environments, such as erosion, sediment transport, and the effects of sea-level change.
Marine ecosystems: The study of the interactions between marine organisms and their environment, including the processes of nutrient cycling and biodiversity.
Marine pollution: The study of the sources, effects, and control of pollution in the ocean, including oil spills, plastic debris, and chemical contaminants.
"It covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology."
"It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics..."
"Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing')..."
"...including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science and ocean science..."
"The diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology."
"...fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean..."
"...including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and physics."
"It is an Earth science..."
"Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past."
"An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans..."
"...ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."
"...a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries."