"Models of communication are simplified representations of the process of communication. Their function is to give a compact overview of the complex process of communication."
The various conceptual frameworks that describe the process and dynamics of communication.
Introduction to Communication Theory: This topic provides an overview of communication models and theories that explain how individuals send and receive messages in different contexts.
Communication Process Model: This model describes the stages in which individuals communicate, including encoding, transmitting, receiving, and decoding messages.
Interactive Model: This model explains communication as a dialogue between two individuals who alternate between sending and receiving messages.
Transactional Model: This model views communication as a continuous process that takes place between at least two individuals who exchange messages in a particular context.
Sender-Receiver Model: This model explains communication as a one-way process in which the sender generates a message and the receiver receives it.
Channel Model: This model explains communication as a process that takes place through different channels, including face-to-face communication, written communication, and electronic communication.
Noise Model: This model explains how different types of noise can affect the communication process, including physical noise, psychological noise, semantic noise, and cultural noise.
Context Model: This model explains how communication is influenced by different contexts, including cultural, social, and environmental factors.
Message Model: This model explains how messages can be structured to effectively communicate information and achieve desired outcomes.
Feedback Model: This model explains how feedback plays a role in communication by providing individuals with information about how their messages were received and interpreted.
Perception Model: This model explains how individuals perceive and interpret messages based on their preexisting beliefs, values, and experiences.
Cultural Model: This model explains how culture affects communication, including different communication styles, norms, and values in different cultures.
Group Communication Model: This model explains how communication takes place within groups, including different roles, norms, and communication types.
Interpersonal Communication Model: This model explains how communication takes place between individuals, including different communication styles, relationship types, and effective communication strategies.
Mass Communication Model: This model explains how communication takes place through mass media, including different forms of media and the role of media in disseminating information.
New Media Model: This model explains how new media technologies, including the internet and social media, have changed the way individuals communicate and interact.
Network Model: This model explains how communication takes place through social networks, including the role of social capital, social norms, and online identity.
Persuasion Model: This model explains how individuals can use communication to persuade others, including different persuasion techniques and factors that influence persuasion.
Conflict Model: This model explains how communication can lead to conflict, including different types of conflict and strategies for managing conflict through effective communication.
International Communication Model: This model explains how communication takes place in different countries and cultures, including different communication styles, norms, and values.
Linear Communication Model: This model sees communication as a one-way process, where a sender transmits a message through a channel to a receiver without any feedback.
Interactive Communication Model: This model incorporates feedback, but only between the sender and receiver.
Transactional Communication Model: This model sees communication as a dynamic interactive process, where both sender and receiver send and receive messages simultaneously and constantly, and both influence each other.
Constructivist Communication Model: In this model, communication is seen as a reality that is created through the process of interacting with others and constructing meaning.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: This theory explains why people struggle to hold two conflicting beliefs at the same time, and how they resolve this dissonance.
Communication Accommodation Theory: This theory explains how people adapt their communication styles depending on who they are communicating with.
Social Learning Theory: This theory explains how people learn and develop new behaviors through observation and imitation of others.
Social Penetration Theory: This theory explains how self-disclosure can be used to deepen relationships and build trust.
Uses and Gratifications Theory: This theory explains how people actively choose what they want to watch, read or hear in the media to satisfy their needs.
Diffusion of Innovation Theory: This theory explains how new ideas, products, and concepts are adopted by communities over time.
"This helps researchers formulate hypotheses, apply communication-related concepts to real-world cases, and test predictions."
"Many models are criticized based on the claim that they are too simple because they leave out essential aspects."
"Some basic components and interactions reappear in many of the models. They include the idea that a sender encodes information in the form of a message and sends it to a receiver through a channel. The receiver needs to decode the message to understand the initial idea and provides some form of feedback. In both cases, noise may interfere and distort the message."
"Models of communication are classified depending on their intended applications and on how they conceptualize the process."
"Linear transmission models understand communication as a one-way process in which a sender transmits an idea to a receiver."
"Interaction models include a feedback loop through which the receiver responds after getting the message."
"Transaction models see sending and responding as simultaneous activities. They hold that meaning is created in this process and does not exist prior to it."
"Constitutive and constructionist models stress that communication is a basic phenomenon responsible for how people understand and experience reality."
"Interpersonal models describe communicative exchanges with other people. They contrast with intrapersonal models, which discuss communication with oneself."
"Models of non-human communication describe communication among other species."
"All early models were linear transmission models, like Lasswell's model, the Shannon–Weaver model, Gerbner's model, and Berlo's model."
"For many purposes, they were later replaced by interaction models, like Schramm's model."
"Beginning in the 1970s, transactional models of communication, like Barnlund's model, were proposed to overcome the limitations of interaction models."
"They constitute the origin of further developments in the form of constitutive models."
"The field of communication studies only developed into a separate research discipline in the middle of the 20th century."
"The problem of communication was already discussed in Ancient Greece."
"Beginning in the 1970s, transactional models of communication, like Barnlund's model, were proposed to overcome the limitations of interaction models."
"They stress that communication is a basic phenomenon responsible for how people understand and experience reality."
"Their function is to give a compact overview of the complex process of communication. This helps researchers formulate hypotheses, apply communication-related concepts to real-world cases, and test predictions."