"The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards."
The regulations, protocols, and technologies used to ensure the safe operation of nuclear reactors, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the handling of nuclear waste.
Nuclear reactions: The study of nuclear reactions is essential in understanding how energy is released in nuclear power plants and how it can be controlled to ensure safety.
Radiation: An understanding of radiation and its properties is necessary for proper handling and safety procedures in nuclear facilities.
Nuclear fuel cycle: The nuclear fuel cycle describes the process of mining, refining, and utilizing nuclear fuel.
Nuclear power plants: Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using nuclear reactions, and understanding the operation of these facilities is essential to ensure safety.
Nuclear materials: An understanding of the properties and behavior of nuclear materials is essential for their safe handling and storage.
Radiation protection: Radiation protection involves minimizing exposure to radiation for individuals and the environment.
Nuclear waste management: Nuclear waste requires safe handling and disposal, and proper waste management is critical for ensuring nuclear safety.
Nuclear accidents and incidents: Understanding the causes and consequences of nuclear accidents and incidents is essential to preventing them and mitigating their effects.
Radiological emergency planning and response: Radiological emergency planning involves developing and implementing emergency response procedures to protect the public from uncontrolled releases of radiation.
Nuclear regulations and standards: Regulatory agencies set standards and guidelines for nuclear safety in order to protect public health and safety.
Human factors: Human factors play a significant role in nuclear safety, and understanding how human behavior affects safety is critical to effectively managing nuclear facilities.
Nuclear security: Nuclear security involves protecting nuclear facilities, materials, and equipment from theft, sabotage, or terrorist attacks.
Radiation safety: This involves measures to protect workers and the public from exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.
Reactor safety: A set of processes designed to control, regulate, and operate nuclear reactors to prevent accidents.
Containment safety: Measures designed to prevent the release of radioactive materials in the event of an accident or system failure.
Emergency preparedness: A program designed to ensure that the public, emergency responders, and government officials are adequately trained and prepared to respond to a nuclear accident or incident.
Waste management: Measures designed to safely store and dispose of nuclear waste.
Security and safeguards: Measures designed to prevent theft, sabotage, or unauthorized access to nuclear materials or facilities.
Human performance and error prevention: Programs designed to ensure that nuclear workers are properly trained and free from human error that could result in accidents.
"The prevention and detection of and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear materials, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities."
"Nuclear power plants and all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses."
"Yes, the nuclear power industry has improved the safety and performance of reactors."
"No, a perfect safety cannot be guaranteed."
"Human errors and external events that have a greater impact than anticipated."
"The designers of reactors at Fukushima in Japan did not anticipate that a tsunami generated by an earthquake would disable the backup systems which were supposed to stabilize the reactor after the earthquake."
"Terrorist attacks, war, insider sabotage, and cyberattacks."
"Agencies different from those that oversee civilian safety."
"For various reasons, including secrecy."
"Terrorist groups acquiring nuclear bomb-making material."
"The prevention and detection of and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear materials, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities."
"Nuclear power plants and all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses."
"The nuclear power industry has improved the safety and performance of reactors."
"No, a perfect safety cannot be guaranteed."
"Human errors and unexpected external events with significant impacts."
"The designers of reactors at Fukushima in Japan did not anticipate that a tsunami generated by an earthquake would disable the backup systems which were supposed to stabilize the reactor after the earthquake."
"Terrorist attacks, war, insider sabotage, and cyberattacks."
"Agencies different from those overseeing civilian safety."
"There are ongoing concerns about terrorist groups acquiring nuclear bomb-making material."