"Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials."
Basic concepts in organic chemistry including functional groups, reaction types, and mechanisms, stereochemistry, and enantiomers.
Atomic structure: Understanding the basic structure of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, is fundamental to understanding organic chemistry.
Bonding: Covalent bonding is a cornerstone of organic chemistry, and it underlies many of the other topics in this list. Understanding how atoms share electrons to form bonds is essential.
Molecular structure: Knowing how to draw, visualize, and name different types of molecules is essential in organic chemistry. Structural formulas, line formulas, and shorthand notations all convey important information about molecular structure.
Isomerism: Structural isomers, stereoisomers, and conformational isomers all play important roles in organic chemistry. Understanding the different types of isomerism and how to recognize them is crucial.
Functional groups: Organic compounds are classified into families based on their functional groups, which are groups of atoms that are responsible for their characteristic chemical properties.
Acids and bases: Understanding the concepts of acidity, basicity, and pKa is necessary for understanding how organic molecules behave in different environments.
Nucleophilic substitution: Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve the replacement of one functional group with another. These reactions are common in organic chemistry, and understanding their mechanisms is important.
Elimination: Elimination reactions involve the removal of a small molecule, usually water or hydrogen halide, from a molecule. Understanding these reactions and their mechanisms is crucial.
Addition: Addition reactions involve the addition of one molecule to another, often forming a new functional group or a new molecule altogether.
Stereochemistry: Stereochemistry is the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules. Understanding the different types of stereoisomers and how they relate to physical and chemical properties is critical.
Reactions of alkenes: Alkenes, or unsaturated hydrocarbons, undergo many different types of reactions, including addition, oxidation, and reduction.
Aromaticity: Aromatic compounds contain conjugated bonds that provide stability and unique chemical reactivity. Understanding the properties of aromatic compounds is important in many areas of organic chemistry, including medicinal chemistry.
Carbonyl chemistry: Carbonyl compounds contain a carbon-oxygen double bond and are among the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. Understanding their reactivity and properties is essential.
Heterocyclic compounds: Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one atom other than carbon in their ring structure, and they play important roles in drug design and other areas of medicinal chemistry.
Biochemistry: Understanding the basics of biochemistry, including enzymatic reactions, protein structure, and metabolic pathways, is important in medicinal chemistry and drug design.
Synthetic Organic Chemistry: This field is concerned with the development and production of new molecules with useful properties for drug discovery.
Natural Products Chemistry: It involves the isolation and characterization of biologically active compounds from natural sources such as plants, fungi, and marine organisms.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry: This field is focused on the design, development, and evaluation of drugs for therapeutic applications.
Analytical Chemistry: It is concerned with the identification and quantification of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices.
Computational Chemistry: This field is concerned with the use of computer simulations and models to predict how drugs will interact with biological systems.
Physical Organic Chemistry: It involves the study of the physical properties and behavior of molecules, including their reactivity and reaction mechanisms.
Polymer Chemistry: This field is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of polymers, which are used as drug delivery systems.
Bioorganic Chemistry: It involves the study of the chemical processes that occur in biological systems, including the synthesis of macromolecules such as proteins and DNA.
Biophysical Chemistry: This field is concerned with the application of physical techniques to understanding biological systems and processes.
Materials Chemistry: It involves the study of the synthesis and characterization of materials with useful properties for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other applications.
Green Chemistry: It is concerned with the development of sustainable chemical processes and products that minimize environmental impact.
Mechanistic Organic Chemistry: It involves the study of the mechanisms by which chemical reactions occur, including the intermediates and transition states involved.
Organometallic Chemistry: It involves the use of metal-containing compounds in organic synthesis, including the development of metal-based catalysts for chemical reactions.
Heterocyclic Chemistry: It involves the study of organic compounds that contain one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in their ring structure.
"Study of structure determines their structural formula."
"Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior."
"The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study."
"The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and the halogens."
"Organometallic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon–metal bonds."
"Contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and chromium."
"Organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute the majority of known chemicals."
"The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse."
"They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents; plastics; fuels and explosives."
"The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science."
"Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms."
"Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms."
"The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse."
"The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons, as well as compounds based on carbon but also containing other elements."
"The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study."
"Contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and chromium."
"They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents, plastics, fuels, and explosives."
"The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science."
"The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and the halogens."