- Quote: "Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. The others are solid, liquid, and plasma."
A form of matter that has no fixed shape or volume and expands to fill its container.
States of Matter: This topic covers the different states of matter, including gases, liquids, and solids.
Pressure: Pressure is an important factor that determines the behavior of gases.
Volume: Volume is one of the key properties of gases, and it is directly related to pressure.
Temperature: Temperature is another important factor that influences the behavior of gases.
Kinetic theory of gases: The kinetic theory of gases explains the behavior of gases based on the motion of their molecules.
Boyle's Law: Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided the temperature remains constant.
Charles's Law: Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure remains constant.
Ideal Gas Law: The Ideal Gas Law combines Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law to describe the behavior of gases.
Real gases: Real gases do not always follow the Ideal Gas Law due to the presence of intermolecular forces.
Gas Mixtures: Gas mixtures are made up of two or more gases and can be described using Dalton's Law of partial pressures.
Gas Laws Calculations: These are mathematical formulas that help to calculate various properties of gases.
Gas Stoichiometry: Gas stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions involving gases.
Gas diffusion and effusion: Diffusion is the process by which gases mix, and effusion is the process by which gases pass through a small opening.
Gas chromatography: Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of gases.
Gas properties at the molecular level: This topic explores how the properties of gases can be related to the behavior of their molecules.
Oxygen: A colorless, odorless gas that makes up approximately 21% of the Earth's atmosphere and is essential for respiration in humans and animals.
Nitrogen: A colorless, odorless gas that makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere and is often used in industrial processes.
Carbon dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere and is a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change.
Helium: A colorless, odorless gas that is lighter than air and is often used to inflate balloons and blimps.
Hydrogen: A colorless, odorless gas that is the most abundant element in the universe and is often used in industrial processes and as a fuel source.
Argon: A colorless, odorless gas that is used in welding and other industrial processes.
Neon: A colorless, odorless gas that is often used in advertising signs, lasers, and plasma displays.
Krypton: A colorless, odorless gas that is often used in lighting and photography.
Xenon: A colorless, odorless gas that is often used in lighting and high-energy applications.
Methane: A colorless, odorless gas that is a greenhouse gas and is often used as a fuel source.
Propane: A colorless, odorless gas that is often used as a fuel source for heating and cooking.
Butane: A colorless, odorless gas that is often used as a fuel source for heating and cooking.
Natural gas: A mixture of gases, including methane, that is often used as a fuel source for heating and electricity generation.
Acetylene: A colorless gas that is often used in welding and other industrial processes.
Fluorocarbons: A group of synthetic gases that are often used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, but are also potent greenhouse gases.
- Quote: "A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide)."
- Quote: "A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases."
- Quote: "What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles."
- Quote: "This separation usually makes a colorless gas invisible to the human observer."
- Quote: "The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states."
- Quote: "Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention."
- Quote: "High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases."
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- Quote: "The latter [plasma state] provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases."
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- Quote: "A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon)."
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- Quote: "The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states."
- Quote: "For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter."