A substance made up of one type of atom, characterized by its atomic number.
Atoms: Tiny particles that make up matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Elements: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom.
Periodic Table: A chart of all known elements arranged according to their atomic number.
Molecules: Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.
Compounds: Substances made up of two or more different types of atoms.
Chemical reactions: The process by which atoms or molecules are transformed into different substances.
Chemical bonding: The process through which atoms or molecules are held together in a compound.
Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass.
States of Matter: Solid, liquid, and gas are the three common states of matter.
Energy: The ability to do work or produce heat.
Kinetic energy: The energy of motion.
Potential energy: The stored energy of an object due to its position or composition.
Thermal energy: The energy associated with the temperature of an object.
Heat: The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference.
Laws of Thermodynamics: The fundamental laws that govern the behavior of energy in physical systems.
Conservation of energy: The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Energy sources: Fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and nuclear energy are some of the major sources of energy.