"In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binominal nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts."
The system of assigning two-part names to each organism, consisting of the genus and species names.
Classification: The process of organizing living organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
Taxonomy: The science of naming, describing, and classifying living organisms.
Binomial nomenclature: a system of naming living organisms that uses two names: A genus name and a species name.
Genus: A group of closely related species that share a common ancestor, morphology, and ecological niche.
Species: A group of organisms that share genetic and morphological characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.
Taxonomic hierarchy: The system of classification of living organisms that organizes them into a hierarchy of groups, ranging from broad to specific.
Phylogeny: The study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Cladistics: A method of organizing living organisms into groups based on similarities in their DNA sequences and other molecular characteristics.
Systematics: The study of the diversity of life on Earth and the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Morphology: The study of the form, structure, and function of living organisms.
Linnaean Taxonomy: Developed by Carl Linnaeus, this is the most commonly used botanical nomenclature system. It classifies organisms into different brackets, such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Phylogenetic Taxonomy: Also called cladistic taxonomy, this type of nomenclature system groups organisms based on their evolutionary history and relationships.
Numerical Taxonomy: Utilizing mathematical methodologies, this classification system utilizes data from various sources, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, and ecological characteristics, to identify relationships between different organisms.
Phenetic Taxonomy: This type of binomial nomenclature taxonomy focuses on the objective and observable morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of an organism to determine its relationships with other organisms.
Evolutionary Taxonomy: This nomenclature system aims to reflect the evolutionary relationships between organisms through a phylogenetic tree.
Chemical Taxonomy: Based on the analysis of biochemical and molecular characteristics such as proteins and DNA, this classification system identifies the relationship between different organisms based on their chemical compositions.
Biostratigraphic Taxonomy: This type of taxonomy identifies the various species of organisms based on their fossils, geological, and paleontological information.
Chemotaxonomy: This classification system utilizes chemical markers, such as lipids, amino acids, and pigments, to group organisms based on their biochemical characteristics.
Numerical Phenetics: Developed by Sokal and Sneath, this nomenclature system aligns organisms according to similarities observed in different characteristics while ignoring their evolutionary relationships.
Biochemical Systematics: This type of taxonomy utilizes biochemical markers such as proteins, isozymes and other molecules for determining the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
"The first part of the name – the generic name – identifies the genus to which the species belongs, whereas the second part – the specific name or specific epithet – distinguishes the species within the genus."
"The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum in 1753."
"But as early as 1622, Gaspard Bauhin introduced in his book Pinax theatri botanici (English, Illustrated exposition of plants) containing many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus."
"The application of binomial nomenclature is now governed by various internationally agreed codes of rules, of which the two most important are the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp or ICN)."
"In modern usage, the first letter of the generic name is always capitalized in writing, while that of the specific epithet is not, even when derived from a proper noun such as the name of a person or place."
"Thus the binomial name of the annual phlox (named after botanist Thomas Drummond) is now written as Phlox drummondii."
"Often, after a species name is introduced in a text, the generic name is abbreviated to the first letter in subsequent mentions (e.g., P. drummondii)."
"In scientific works, the authority for a binomial name is usually given, at least when it is first mentioned, and the year of publication may be specified."
"The name 'Linnaeus' tells the reader who published the name and description for this species; 1758 is the year the name and original description were published (in this case, in the 10th edition of the book Systema Naturae)."
"The parentheses indicate that the species is now placed in a different genus."
"The ICZN does not require that the name of the person who changed the genus be given."
"'L.' is the standard abbreviation used for 'Linnaeus'."
"Rothmaler transferred it to the genus Hyacinthoides."
"The ICNafp does not require that the dates of either publication be specified."
"Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just 'binomial'), a binomen, binominal name, or a scientific name."
"Similarly, both parts are italicized in normal text (or underlined in handwriting)."
"But as early as 1622, Gaspard Bauhin introduced in his book Pinax theatri botanici (English, Illustrated exposition of plants) containing many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus."
"The two most important codes are the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for animals and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp or ICN)."
"Hyacinthoides italica (L.) Rothm."