"Molecular biology is the study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules."
Study of biology at a molecular level, including the structure and function of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins.
DNA structure: The basic building blocks of molecular biology, understanding the molecular structure of DNA is essential for gene editing and sequencing.
Transcription: The process through which DNA is decoded and RNA is synthesized, this process is necessary for gene expression regulation and protein synthesis.
Translation: The conversion of RNA into proteins, this process involves the use of ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and is critical for understanding cellular function.
Gene expression regulation: The mechanisms that control the transcription and translation of genes, including promoters, enhancers, and repressors.
Recombinant DNA technology: The use of enzymes to cut and splice DNA molecules, and the creation of genetically modified organisms.
Cloning: The process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism or DNA fragment, this is used in gene therapy and biotechnology.
Synthetic biology tools: A collection of tools used to create new biological systems or modify existing ones, including CRISPR/Cas9, zygote injection, and gene drives.
Metabolic engineering: The modification of metabolic pathways in microorganisms, plants or animals to produce desired products.
Protein engineering: The design and modification of proteins for new or enhanced functions, used in drug development and industrial applications.
DNA sequencing: The process of reading the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA, this is used for genetic testing, healthcare, and research.
Omics technologies: High-throughput methods used to analyze genome, proteome, metabolome etc. to understand biological processes in a global perspective.
Systems biology: The study of interactions and relationships between biological components, including genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways, using mathematical and computational tools.
Gene silencing: The suppression of gene expression through the use of siRNA or other small RNA molecules, this technique is used in targeted therapy.
Biosensors: Devices that use biological molecules or tissues to detect and report chemical, biological or environmental stimuli.
Nanobiotechnology: The manipulation of molecules at the nanoscale to create new materials and devices for medical and environmental applications.
Microfluidics: The use of microscale channels and fluid dynamics to manipulate and analyze biomolecules, cells or tissue.
Bioinformatics: The use of computational tools and methods for analyzing and interpreting complex biological data, and understanding biological systems.
Gene Editing: Gene editing involves the modification of DNA sequences in living organisms. This can be used to cure genetic diseases, create new crops with higher yields or resistance to pests, or even improve the production of materials such as pharmaceuticals.
Synthetic Gene Networks: Synthetic gene networks aim to replicate the regulatory functions of natural cells by creating artificial gene networks. The network's inputs, outputs, and connections are designed to perform specific functions, such as regulating gene expression or protein production.
Biocatalysis: Biocatalysis involves using enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions. Synthetic biology can be used to design and optimize enzymes that perform specific chemical reactions in industrial applications, such as drug manufacturing and waste treatment.
Metabolic Engineering: Metabolic engineering involves modifying metabolic pathways in cells to enhance or suppress specific metabolic functions. This can be used to increase the production of specific chemicals within cells, such as biofuels or vaccines.
Proteomics: Proteomics is the study of the structure, function, and interactions of proteins. Synthetic biology can be used to create proteins with specific functions, such as designing enzymes for drug discovery or creating new materials with desired mechanical properties.
Genome Synthesis: Genome synthesis involves creating artificial genomes from scratch. This can be used to create entirely new organisms with specific traits or functions, such as engineered bacteria that can perform useful functions in industry or medicine.
Cell Engineering: Cell engineering involves modifying cells to perform specific functions or to resist disease. This can be used to create new therapies for diseases, such as cancer or genetic disorders.
Tissue Engineering: Tissue engineering involves creating functional tissues using cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Synthetic biology can be used to improve the functional properties of these tissues and to create new tissues for medical applications.
Nano/Biomaterials Science: Synthetic biology can be used to engineer materials at the nanoscale, such as designing nanoparticles to target specific cells or to act as drug carriers.
"It seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"The term molecular biology was first used in 1945 by physicist William Astbury."
"In 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues created the double helix model of DNA."
"They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins."
"This led to the discovery of DNA material in other microorganisms, plants, and animals."
"The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes."
"These techniques can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology."
"Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy."
"The use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"[Molecular biology] seeks to uncover the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions."
"The goals include understanding biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues working at the Medical Research Council Unit, Cavendish Laboratory."
"It is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells."
"Previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contributed to the understanding of the DNA structure."
"Molecular biology enables scientists to learn about molecular processes, aiding in drug targeting, disease diagnosis, and cell physiology understanding."
"It provided important insights into the structure and function of DNA in various organisms."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity."