- "Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms." - "Heredity is vital to organisms' evolution."
Study of genes, inheritance, and variation in living organisms.
DNA structure and function: DNA structure and function refers to the arrangement of nucleotides and the role of DNA molecule in carrying and transmitting genetic information.
Gene expression: Gene expression refers to the process by which information stored in DNA is converted into functional products, such as proteins or non-coding RNAs, through transcription and translation.
Genetics and heredity: Genetics and heredity study the inheritance of traits and variations in living organisms, examining how genetic information is transmitted from parent to offspring.
Genetic variation and diversity: Genetic variation and diversity refers to the range of different genetic traits or variants within a population or species, contributing to the overall diversity of life forms on Earth.
Genome editing: Genome editing refers to the precise modification of an organism's DNA using various tools and techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, with the aim of making targeted changes to specific genes.
Genetic engineering: Genetic engineering is the manipulation and alteration of an organism's genes or genetic material to introduce desirable traits or modify its characteristics.
Synthetic biology: Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field focused on designing and engineering living organisms or biological systems with custom functionalities.
Molecular biology techniques: Molecular biology techniques refer to a set of laboratory methods used to study and manipulate DNA, RNA, and proteins, enabling researchers to understand the structure and function of biological molecules.
Genomics and bioinformatics: Genomics is the study of the structure, function, and evolution of genomes, while bioinformatics is the application of computational methods to interpret and analyze biological data.
Ethics and societal impact of genetics: The topic of ethics and societal impact of genetics explores the ethical considerations and social implications of genetic research, including privacy concerns, gene editing technology, and access to genetic information.
Synthetic genomics: Refers to the creation and manipulation of synthetic DNA sequences for organisms.
Genome engineering: Involves altering the genetic material of an organism, often using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, to modify or introduce traits.
Metabolic engineering: Involves modifying the metabolic pathways of cells to produce specific compounds, such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals or bioplastics.
Protein engineering: Encompasses the manipulation of protein structure and function to create new proteins with desired properties or functions.
Synthetic biology: The design and construction of artificial biological systems that can perform specific tasks, such as biosensors or bioremediation.
Genetic circuits: The development of artificial gene networks that can sense and respond to various stimuli, such as light, chemicals or temperature.
Gene synthesis: The use of chemical synthesis to create custom DNA sequences that can be integrated into organisms.
Directed evolution: The use of evolutionary principles to optimize the function of proteins, metabolic pathways or other biological systems.
Transcriptomics: The study of the expression of genes in an organism, often using high-throughput methods such as RNAseq.
Proteomics: The study of the structure, function and expression of proteins in an organism, often using mass spectrometry or other techniques.
Epigenetics: The study of heritable changes in gene expression that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence itself.
Systems biology: The study of complex biological systems, including the interactions between genes, proteins and other components, often using mathematical modeling and simulation.
Functional genomics: The study of the function of genes and other genomic elements, often using high-throughput methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 or RNAi.
Phylogenomics: The study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms based on their genomic sequences.
Population genetics: The study of how genetic variation is distributed within and between populations, and how it changes over time, often using statistical methods.
- "Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically." - "Mendel studied 'trait inheritance', patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time."
- "Organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete 'units of inheritance'."
- "This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene."
- "Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century."
- "Modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes." - "Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism, and within the context of a population."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics."
- "Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya)."
- "Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture."
- "The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription."
- "A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate." - "The one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment."
- "Heredity is vital to organisms' evolution."
- "Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century."
- "Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism, and within the context of a population."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including population genetics."
- "Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture."
- "The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription."
- "A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate." - "The one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics."
- "Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya)."