"The stress factors include disease, temperature changes, herbivory, injury and more."
The ways in which plants communicate with each other and with their environment, including intra-plant, inter-plant and plant-animal signaling mechanisms.
Hormonal signaling: The way in which plants use hormones to communicate within themselves and with their environment.
Signal perception: Understanding how plants perceive signals from their surroundings.
Signal transduction: The mechanisms through which signals are transmitted inside the plant and translated into physiological responses.
Phototropism: The movement of plants toward or away from light, one of the most well-known plant signaling mechanisms.
Gravitropism: The response of plants to gravity, which helps them maintain the correct orientation regardless of inclination or position.
Circadian rhythms: The biological rhythms that govern plant activities and how they are influenced by external cues, such as light and temperature changes.
Environmental stress signaling: How plants signal and respond to environmental stresses, such as drought, heat, cold, and herbivory.
Nutrient signaling: The mechanisms through which plants detect and respond to nutrient availability and deficiencies.
Multilevel signaling networks: The complex interactions between different signaling pathways in plants and how they impact plant physiology and development.
Epigenetic regulation: The role of epigenetic modifications in regulating plant signaling and adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions.
Hormonal signaling: Plants produce hormones that are transported to different parts of the plant to regulate growth and development.
Electrical signaling: Changes in membrane potential trigger an electrical response in the plant, which can be used to communicate with other cells or induce a response.
Chemical signaling: Plant cells release chemicals such as pheromones and volatile organic compounds to attract pollinators and repel predators.
Touch signaling: Mechanical stimuli, such as touch or wind, can activate response pathways that alter growth and development in plants.
Light signaling: Plants use light to sense their environment and regulate a range of physiological responses, including photosynthesis and growth.
Thermal signaling: Changes in temperature can activate signaling pathways in plants that alter growth and development.
Osmotic signaling: Changes in osmotic pressure can trigger signaling pathways that regulate water uptake and distribution in plants.
Nutrient signaling: Plants respond to changes in nutrient availability through signaling pathways that regulate uptake and metabolism of essential elements.
Defense signaling: When a plant is attacked by a pathogen or insect, signaling pathways are activated that trigger defense responses, such as the production of toxins or structural changes to deter pests.
Circadian signaling: Plants have an internal clock that regulates processes such as flowering and growth based on the time of day or night.
"In order to respond or be ready for any kind of physiological state."
"Communication using volatile organic compounds, electrical signaling, and common mycorrhizal networks."
"Soil microbes, other plants (of the same or other species), animals, insects, and fungi."
"Fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, amino acid derivatives, and terpenoids."
"Most VOCs are of low molecular mass (< 300 Da), are hydrophobic, and have high vapor pressures."
"The responses of organisms to plant emitted VOCs varies from attracting the predator of a specific herbivore to reduce mechanical damage inflicted on the plant to the induction of chemical defenses of a neighboring plant before it is being attacked."
"For example, the Venus Fly Trap can emit VOCs to specifically target and attract starved prey."
"These VOCs typically lead to increased resistance to herbivory in neighboring plants."
"There is no clear benefit to the emitting plant in helping nearby plants."
"Whether neighboring plants have evolved the capability to "eavesdrop" or whether there is an unknown tradeoff occurring."
"As related to the aspect of meaning-making."