"Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants."
The study of plant genetics and the use of genetic engineering techniques to improve crop yield, quality, and resistance to stresses.
Classical genetics: This topic involves the study of genes and their inheritance patterns in plants. It is an essential foundation for learning about plant genetics and biotechnology.
Molecular genetics: This topic provides a deeper understanding of the structure and function of DNA and RNA in plants, as well as the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation.
Genomics: This topic involves the study of the complete set of genes in a plant, including their functions and interactions.
Genetics of plant reproduction: This topic covers the biology of plant reproduction, including flower development, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation.
Plant breeding: This topic deals with the selective breeding of plants to improve specific traits such as yield, disease resistance, and nutritional content.
Genetic engineering: This topic involves the manipulation of plant DNA to create new varieties with desired traits such as improved yield, disease resistance, or nutritional content.
Plant biotechnology: This topic encompasses the use of technology to modify or manipulate plant cells or tissues for various purposes such as plant propagation, genetic transformation, and tissue culture.
Plant tissue culture: This topic involves the use of plant cells or tissues to create new plants, for applications such as cloning, propagation, and breeding.
Biotechnology applications in agriculture: This topic includes the use of biotechnology in crop production, such as genetically modified plants, biofertilizers, and biopesticides.
Plant molecular biology: This topic involves the study of the molecular basis of plant development, growth, and metabolism.
Plant physiology: This topic covers the study of plant processes and functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient uptake, and water balance.
Plant biochemistry: This topic involves the study of the chemical processes that occur in plants, such as the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Plant hormone signaling: This topic covers the mechanisms by which plants respond to internal and external signals, such as light, hormones, and environmental stresses.
Plant stress physiology: This topic involves the study of how plants respond and adapt to various stresses, such as drought, heat, cold, and salinity.
Plant-microbe interactions: This topic covers the interactions between plants and microbes, including symbiotic and pathogenic relationships, and the use of microbes in biotechnology.
Plant gene editing: This topic involves the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit plant genomes and create new varieties with desired traits.
Plant epigenetics: This topic involves the study of changes in gene expression that can occur without changes in DNA sequence, such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
Plant transcriptomics: This topic covers the analysis of the complete set of RNA molecules in a plant, and how they relate to gene expression and regulation.
Plant proteomics: This topic involves the study of the complete set of proteins in a plant, including their functions and interactions.
Plant metabolomics: This topic covers the analysis of the complete set of small molecules in a plant, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids.
Transgenic Plants: Plants that have genetically modified DNA inserted into their genome, giving them new characteristics or traits.
Gene Editing: A technique used to change or remove specific genes within a plant's genome to improve desired traits.
Genome Sequencing: The process of determining the DNA sequence of a plant's entire genome.
Mutagenesis: A process whereby plants are deliberately exposed to mutagenic agents, which generates random changes in the plant's DNA that can result in new and desirable traits.
Tissue Culture: A technique that allows for the propagation of plants through cell division, typically used to produce many genetically identical clones of a single plant.
Transformation: The introduction of foreign DNA into a plant's cells, either by agrobacterium infection or electroporation, allowing for the creation of transgenic plants.
Marker-assisted breeding: A breeding technique that uses markers to identify genes associated with desirable traits and to track those traits during breeding.
Epigenetics: The study of changes in gene expression that occur without changes to the underlying DNA sequence, sometimes resulting in inheritable phenotypic changes in plants.
RNA interference: A technique that allows for the silencing of specific genes within a plant, typically used to study gene function or develop disease-resistant plants.
Metabolomics: The study of the small molecule metabolites that plants produce, aimed at understanding the chemical and metabolic pathways that underlie plant growth and development.
"It intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems."
"The discoverer of genetics was Gregor Mendel, a late 19th-century scientist and Augustinian friar."
"Mendel studied 'trait inheritance', patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring."
"Organisms inherit traits by way of discrete 'units of inheritance'."
"Plants, like all known organisms, use DNA to pass on their traits."
"Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics but differs in a few key areas."
"This can sometimes be difficult in plant genetics due to the fact that plants can, unlike most animals, be self-fertile."
"Speciation can be easier in many plants due to unique genetic abilities, such as being well adapted to polyploidy."
"Plants are able to produce energy-dense carbohydrates via photosynthesis, a process which is achieved by use of chloroplasts."
"Chloroplasts, like the superficially similar mitochondria, possess their own DNA."
"Chloroplasts provide an extra layer of genetic complexity not found in animals."
"The study of plant genetics has major economic impacts."
"Many staple crops are genetically modified to increase yields, confer pest and disease resistance, provide resistance to herbicides, or to increase their nutritional value."
"It is generally considered a field of biology and botany."
"Plants can produce energy-dense carbohydrates via photosynthesis."
"This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene."
"Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants."
"Much of Mendel's work with plants still forms the basis for modern plant genetics."
"Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics."