"Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants."
Toxicology refers to the study of how drugs and other substances can be toxic to the body, and how the body responds to toxic substances.
Poisonous substances: These are toxins that are capable of causing harm to living organisms. They could be found in various sources, including plants, animals, and chemicals. Toxicologists study their effects on the body.
Routes of exposure: This refers to the means by which poisonous substances enter the body. They could be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Toxicologists analyze the effects of different routes of exposure.
Dose-response relationship: This describes the relationship between the amount of a toxic substance ingested and the resultant effects on the body. Toxicologists study this relationship to determine the level of toxicity of substances.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME): This describes the processes by which the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates toxins. Toxicologists study these processes to understand how toxins affect the body.
Mechanisms of toxicity: This refers to the ways in which toxins cause harm to living organisms. Toxicologists study the mechanisms of toxicity to gain insights into the harmful effects of toxins.
Acute and chronic toxicity: Acute toxicity refers to toxic effects that occur shortly after exposure to a toxic substance. Chronic toxicity refers to toxic effects that occur over a long period of exposure. Toxicologists study both types of toxicity to understand their effects on the body.
Carcinogenicity: This refers to the ability of a toxic substance to cause cancer. Toxicologists study carcinogenicity to understand the risks associated with exposure to carcinogens.
Mutagenicity: Mutagenicity refers to the ability of a toxic substance to cause mutations in DNA. Toxicologists study this to understand the risks associated with exposure to mutagens.
Teratogenicity: This refers to the ability of a toxic substance to cause birth defects in fetuses. Toxicologists study teratogenicity to understand the risks associated with exposure to teratogens.
Risk assessment: This involves evaluating the risks associated with exposure to toxins. Toxicologists study risk assessment to help determine safe levels of exposure to toxins.
Treatment of toxic exposure: Toxicologists study various treatments for toxic exposure. Treatment may involve the use of antidotes or supportive care such as ventilation and hydration.
Environmental toxicology: This deals with the study of toxins that affect the environment. Toxicologists study how toxins interact with natural ecosystems and how human activities impact the environment.
Forensic toxicology: This involves the use of toxicology to solve legal cases. Toxicologists analyze samples to determine if toxins were involved in a crime or an accident.
Emerging toxins: Toxicologists study emerging toxins, which are newly discovered or recently recognized toxins. These toxins could have significant effects on human health and the environment.
Risk communication: Toxicologists study risk communication to understand how to effectively communicate the risks associated with exposure to toxins to governments, organizations, and the general public.
Analytical toxicology: Analyzes biological fluids or tissues for the presence and concentration of drugs or other toxins, as well as their metabolites.
Developmental toxicology: Examines the effects of drugs or other toxins on the growth and development of organisms, from embryos to adults.
Environmental toxicology: Studies the effects of toxins within the environment, including water, air, soil, and food.
Forensic toxicology: Determines the cause of death in cases involving toxins or drugs in post-mortem examinations.
Genetic toxicology: Examines the damaging effects of toxins on DNA and genetic material.
Immunotoxicology: Studies the effects of toxins on the immune system, including their ability to trigger autoimmune diseases or immune suppression.
Industrial toxicology: Investigates the effects of toxins in the workplace or on industrial processes.
Neurotoxicology: Studies the effects of toxins on the nervous system, including their ability to cause neurodegenerative diseases.
Occupational toxicology: Examines the effects of toxins on workers in various industries, including exposure levels and safety measures.
Reproductive toxicology: Examines the effects of toxins on reproductive health and fertility, including developmental defects in offspring.
"Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine..."
"Toxicology involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms..."
"Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment."
"The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology."
"There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices."
"Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research, since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells."
"One prime example of this is ribosome-inactivating proteins, tested in the treatment of leukemia."
"Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning."
"The word toxicology () is a neoclassical compound from Neo-Latin, first attested c. 1799, from the combining forms toxico- + -logy, which in turn come from the Ancient Greek words τοξικός toxikos, 'poisonous', and λόγος logos, 'subject matter'."
"Factors that influence chemical toxicity include...species..."
"Factors that influence chemical toxicity include...age..."
"Factors that influence chemical toxicity include...sex..."
"Factors that influence chemical toxicity include...environment."
"Toxicology involves...the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants."
"The relationship between dose and its effects...is of high significance in toxicology."
"The study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms..."
"There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices."
"Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research..."
"The word toxicology () is a neoclassical compound from Neo-Latin, first attested c. 1799..."