"Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines."
Pharmacy practice refers to the profession of pharmacy, including topics such as drug dispensing, patient counseling, and medication management.
Anatomy and Physiology: Study of the structure and function of the human body, which is the foundation for understanding how drugs affect the body.
Principles of Pharmacology: Basics of pharmacology, pharmacodynamics (the study of the effects of drugs on the body) and pharmacokinetics (the study of how drugs move through the body).
Drug Dosage Forms: Different types of drug dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, injections, etc.
Prescription Processing and Dispensing: Processes involved in prescription processing, preparation and dispensing, including laws and regulations, and records management.
Pharmacotherapy: How drugs are used to treat different diseases and disorders.
Drug Interactions: How drugs interact with each other, with food, and with other substances.
Adverse Drug Reactions: Types of adverse drug reactions, their causes, and how to avoid or manage them.
Pharmacoeconomics: The study of the cost and effectiveness of drugs and healthcare interventions.
Healthcare Management: Management principles and practices applicable to healthcare organizations and management of a pharmacy.
Patient Counseling and Education: Communication skills required to counsel patients about their medications and provide appropriate education.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Pharmacy Practice: Ethics, laws and regulations related to pharmacy practice.
Drug Development and Approval: How drugs are developed, tested, and approved.
Clinical Pharmacy: The role of pharmacists in patient care, including management of medications, drug therapy, and education.
Clinical Pharmacy: Clinical pharmacists work in healthcare settings like hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes to provide medication therapy management, oversee patients' drug regimens, and help with patient education about medication.
Community Pharmacy: Also known as retail pharmacy, community pharmacists dispense medications and provide education on health and wellness to the general public in community settings like drugstores, grocery stores, and pharmacies.
Hospital Pharmacy: Hospital pharmacists work in hospital settings to oversee the dispensation of medications, manage drug therapy, and ensure the safe and effective use of medications.
Compounding Pharmacy: Compounding pharmacists are responsible for compounding (mixing and preparing) medications to meet individual patients' needs.
Regulatory pharmacy: Regulatory pharmacists monitor and ensure that pharmaceutical companies follow state and federal regulations in the development and distribution of drugs.
Geriatric Pharmacy: Geriatric pharmacists focus on the needs of the elderly population and ensure medication regimens are safe and effective for the aging population.
Nuclear Pharmacy: Nuclear pharmacists are responsible for the handling, compounding, dispensation, and maintenance of radioactive compounds used in medical imaging and other diagnostic procedures.
Veterinary Pharmacy: Veterinary pharmacists work with medications used in animals and ensure their safety and efficacy.
Oncology Pharmacy: Oncology pharmacists focus on the treatment of cancer, including chemotherapy and other medications used in the treatment of cancer.
Psychiatric Pharmacy: Psychiatric pharmacists work in mental health settings to manage medications and drug therapies for patients with mental health conditions.
Home Health Pharmacy: Home health pharmacists work to manage medication regimens for patients who are receiving care at home.
Industrial Pharmacy: Industrial pharmacists work in the development, production, and quality control of pharmaceuticals.
Academic Pharmacy: Academic pharmacists work in research institutions and universities, conducting research and teaching pharmacy students.
Ambulatory Care Pharmacy: Ambulatory care pharmacy provides pharmacy services to patients in an outpatient setting under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist.
Military Pharmacy: Military pharmacists work in military medical facilities to provide drug therapy management and work with military personnel to ensure medication safety and effectiveness.
"It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences."
"The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries."
"Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy."
"Providing direct patient care in the community or institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy."
"The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing of medications."
"It also includes more modern services related to health care including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information."
"Pharmacists, therefore, are experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize the use of medication for the benefit of the patients."
"An establishment in which pharmacy (in the first sense) is practiced is called a pharmacy (this term is more common in the United States)."
"An establishment in which pharmacy (in the first sense) is practiced is called chemists (which is more common in Great Britain, though pharmacy is also used)."
"Drugstores commonly sell medicines, as well as miscellaneous items such as confectionery, cosmetics, office supplies, toys, hair care products and magazines, and occasionally refreshments and groceries."
"In its investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients, the work of the apothecary may be regarded as a precursor of the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology, prior to the formulation of the scientific method."