"Pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism."
Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.
Drug absorption: The process by which drugs enter the body and reach their target site.
Drug distribution: The way in which drugs are transported from the site of absorption to their target site.
Drug metabolism: The process by which drugs are broken down by enzymes in the body.
Drug elimination: The process by which drugs are removed from the body.
Bioavailability: The proportion of a drug that reaches and stays in the bloodstream to produce an effect.
Half-life: The time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body.
Clearance: The measure of how efficiently the body eliminates a drug.
Dose-response relationship: The relationship between the dose of a drug administered and the biological response produced.
Therapeutic index: The ratio of the dose of a drug required to produce a therapeutic effect to the dose that causes toxicity.
Drug interactions: The effect of one drug on the pharmacokinetics of another drug.
Absorption: The process by which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream from its site of administration.
Distribution: The movement of drugs throughout the body and into different tissues and organs.
Metabolism: The process by which the body breaks down drugs into smaller molecules that can be eliminated.
Excretion: The elimination of drugs and their metabolites from the body through urine, feces, breath, and sweat.
Bioavailability: The amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to exert its pharmacological effect.
Clearance: The rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body.
Half-life: The time required for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 50%.
Steady state: The point at which the rate of drug administration equals the rate of elimination, resulting in a constant drug concentration in the body.
Protein binding: The degree to which a drug binds to proteins in the blood, which can affect its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
First pass metabolism: The initial metabolism of a drug that occurs in the liver before it enters systemic circulation.
Enterohepatic circulation: The recycling of drugs between the liver and intestine, which can prolong their half-lives and affect their pharmacokinetics.
Tissue accumulation: The accumulation of a drug in certain tissues or organs due to factors such as lipid solubility and blood flow.
Seasonal pharmacokinetics: Seasonal changes in the body's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs due to changes in factors such as temperature and daylight hours.
"The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotic such as: pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc."
"It attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body."
"Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects a drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism."
"Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, as seen in PK/PD models."