"Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells)." - "Microbiology (from Ancient Greek μῑκρος (mīkros) 'small', βίος (bíos) 'life', and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of microorganisms..."
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It is critical in understanding the spread of diseases and the role of microbes in the natural world.
Introduction to Microbiology: A brief overview of the science of microbiology, including its history, branches, and importance in various fields.
Microorganisms: An in-depth study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae, including their morphology, physiology, and classification.
Cell Structure and Function: An exploration of the basic structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their cellular components and their role in microbiology.
Microbial Growth and Nutrition: A study of the various factors that affect microbial growth, such as temperature, pH, oxygen requirements, and the different types of nutritional requirements.
Microbial Genetics: An overview of the genetic material of microorganisms, including their DNA and RNA, replication, transcription, translation, and genetic variation.
Microbial Metabolism: A detailed study of the biochemical pathways by which microorganisms produce energy and synthesize macromolecules from nutrients.
Microbial Diseases: A study of the microbial diseases that affect humans, animals, and plants, including the pathogenicity of microorganisms and the body's immune response to them.
Microbial Control and Antimicrobial Agents: A study of the various strategies for controlling microbial growth, including physical, chemical, biological, and other methods, as well as an overview of antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals.
Environmental Microbiology: An exploration of the role of microorganisms in the environment, including their role in nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and environmental pollution.
Industrial Microbiology: A study of the applications of microorganisms in industry, including the production of antibiotics, enzymes, and other products, as well as the use of microorganisms in food microbiology and biotechnology.
Microbial Biotechnology: An overview of the various biotechnological applications of microorganisms, such as genetic engineering and bioreactor technology, as well as the ethical and legal considerations related to their use.
"Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology."
"Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea."
"Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy for the isolation and identification of microorganisms."
"However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means."
"With the emergence of biotechnology, Microbiologists currently rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence-based identification, for example, the 16S rRNA gene sequence used for bacterial identification."
"Viruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules."
"Prions, never considered as microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, virologists took a search—discovering 'infectious proteins'."
"The existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome."
"The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of molds, by Robert Hooke in 1666."
"But the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material."
"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in the 1670s."
"Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur."
"In medical microbiology, Robert Koch made significant contributions."
"'μῑκρος' (mīkros)" translates to "small" in Ancient Greek, as used in the term "microbiology."
"Virology is one of the sub-disciplines of microbiology that focuses on the study of viruses."
"Prokaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea."
"Microbiologists rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence-based identification, for example, the 16S rRNA gene sequence used for bacterial identification."
"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in the 1670s."
"Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology."