- "Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms."
Immunology is the study of the immune system and its role in protecting the body against disease. It is essential to understanding how to treat and prevent various illnesses.
Immunoglobulins: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are protein molecules that the immune system produces to recognize and neutralize foreign objects.
Antigens: Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response by the production of antibodies.
Immune system cells: White blood cells, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, are the main cells that make up our immune system.
Major histocompatibility complex: These are a group of genes that code for the molecules present on the surface of cells and play a critical role in immunological reactions.
Complement system: A group of blood proteins that work together to help destroy invading microbes.
Immune system communication: The immune system communicates through various cytokines and chemokines.
Immunodeficiency diseases: These are disorders that cause a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
Autoimmune diseases: These conditions arise when the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues.
Vaccines:: Vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to protect against specific diseases by mimicking the effects of an infection without causing illness.
- "Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases."
- "Malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection)."
- "The physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system."
- "Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology."
- "The term was coined by Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov."
- "Unusual cells surrounding the thorns."
- "He first observed the phenomenon of phagocytosis, in which the body defends itself against a foreign body."
- "Ehrlich accustomed mice to the poisons ricin and abrin. After feeding them with small but increasing dosages of ricin he ascertained that they had become 'ricin-proof'."
- "He received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1908 with Paul Ehrlich."
- "Prior to the designation of immunity, from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for 'exempt'."
- "The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus, bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver."
- "However, many components of the immune system are cellular in nature."
- "Embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body."
- "The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus, bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver."
- "Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation."
- "Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases."
- "The term was coined by Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov."
- "Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology."
- "Ehrlich interpreted this as immunization and observed that it was abruptly initiated after a few days and was still in existence after several months."