The process of identifying the functional elements of a genome, such as genes, non-coding RNA, regulatory elements, and repeats.
Genome sequencing: The process of determining the sequence of DNA nucleotides in a genome.
Gene prediction: The process of identifying genes in a genome based on various computational algorithms and experimental evidence.
Functional annotation: The process of assigning biological function to specific genes or gene products in a genome.
Gene ontology: A standardized vocabulary and set of hierarchical relationships used to describe gene products across different organisms.
Comparative genomics: The analysis of similarities and differences in genome sequences and organization between different organisms.
Transcriptome analysis: The study of all the RNA transcripts produced by a genome in a particular cell type or under specific conditions.
Proteomics: The study of all the proteins expressed by a genome in a particular cell type or under specific conditions.
Epigenomics: The study of modifications to DNA and chromatin structure that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Pathway analysis: The study of the interactions between molecular pathways and how they are regulated in a particular cell type or under specific conditions.
Functional genomics: The integration of multiple omics data types to understand the functional properties of a genome.
Structural annotation: This type of annotation includes identifying and labeling exons, introns, promoters, and 3' and 5' untranslated regions in a genome sequence. This type of annotation is fundamental for understanding gene structure and function.
Functional annotation: This type of annotation involves predicting the function of genes in a genome based on their sequence, homology, or experimental data from gene expression or functional assays.
Comparative annotation: This type of annotation involves comparing the DNA sequence of one genome to another, identifying homologous regions and genes, and interpreting the evolutionary relationships between them.
Phylogenetic annotation: This type of annotation involves using phylogenetic methods to analyze the evolutionary history of a group of genes or genomes, including predicting the origin and divergence of particular gene families or functional modules.
Epigenetic annotation: This type of annotation involves identifying the epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression and chromatin structure, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility.
Metagenomic annotation: This type of annotation involves analyzing the genomic sequences of microbial communities to identify the functional genes and pathways that drive community metabolism and interactions.
Transcriptomic annotation: This type of annotation involves identifying and classifying the different types of RNA transcripts (e.g., mRNA, non-coding RNA, alternative splicing variants) that are expressed in a genome and determining their functions.
Proteomic annotation: This type of annotation involves identifying the proteins produced by a genome and their functions, including post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and biochemical pathways.
Pathway annotation: This type of annotation involves identifying the biochemical pathways that are encoded by a genome and the functional relationships between genes and proteins within these pathways.