"Molecular biology is the study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules."
The study of biological activity at a molecular level.
Cell structure and function: The fundamental organization and function of cells and their organelles, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria.
DNA structure and replication: The chemical makeup of DNA, including the structure of nucleotides and the double helix, as well as the process by which DNA is replicated.
RNA structure and transcription: The chemical makeup of RNA and its role in coding for amino acids, as well as the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA.
Protein synthesis and structure: The process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins, and the structure and function of proteins.
Gene expression and regulation: The mechanisms that control the activation and repression of genes and the regulation of their expression.
Genetic engineering: The manipulation and modification of genetic material for various purposes, including the production of recombinant proteins and genetically modified organisms.
Molecular biology techniques: The experimental techniques and tools used in molecular biology research, such as PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing.
Genomics: The branch of molecular biology concerned with the study of genomes, including their structure, function, and evolution.
Proteomics: The branch of molecular biology concerned with the study of the complete set of proteins present in a cell or organism.
Bioinformatics: The use of computational tools and techniques to analyze and interpret biological data, including genetic and proteomic data.
Molecular genetics: The study of the molecular basis of genetic inheritance and how genetic variation contributes to traits and disease.
Systems biology: The study of the interactions between genes, proteins, and other molecules in living organisms, with a focus on understanding biological systems as a whole.
Biotechnology applications: The use of molecular biology techniques in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and industry.
Genetic Engineering: Genetic engineering is a biotechnology process that involves the manipulation of an organism's DNA using molecular tools such as recombinant DNA technology.
Protein Engineering: Protein engineering refers to the design of novel or modified protein structures using genetic manipulation techniques.
Biomolecular Engineering: Biomolecular engineering involves the application of engineering principles to molecular biological problems for the development of devices and methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
Synthetic Biology: Synthetic biology deals with the designing and construction of artificial biological systems using genetic material and metabolic pathways.
Computational Biology: Computational biology is a field of molecular biology that uses computer simulations, modeling, and analysis to develop new technologies and gain insights into biological systems.
Structural Biology: Structural biology involves the study of the three-dimensional structures of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to understand their functions and interactions.
Molecular Diagnostics: Molecular diagnostics deal with the identification and analysis of molecular biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of diseases.
Biomanufacturing: Biomanufacturing involves the use of living cells and biological systems such as bacteria and yeast for the production of commercially viable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and vaccines.
Agricultural Biotechnology: Agricultural biotechnology is the application of genetic engineering techniques for the development of new and improved crops with better yield, resistance to pests, and other desirable traits.
Pharmacogenomics: Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variations affect the response of individuals to drugs and medication.
Systems Biology: Systems biology deals with the study of complex biological systems and their interactions using experimental and computational tools to gain insights into their functioning and regulation.
Molecular Evolution: Molecular evolution is the study of the molecular changes that occur over time within and between species, providing information on the genetic relationships among organisms.
Glycobiology: Glycobiology is the study of the structure and function of carbohydrates and their roles in biology and diseases.
Omics Technologies: Omics technologies involve the analysis of large datasets generated from various molecular biology experiments such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics.
Industrial Biotechnology: Industrial biotechnology involves the use of microorganisms and biological systems for the development of novel chemicals, fuels, and materials.
"It seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"The term molecular biology was first used in 1945 by physicist William Astbury."
"In 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues created the double helix model of DNA."
"They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins."
"This led to the discovery of DNA material in other microorganisms, plants, and animals."
"The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes."
"These techniques can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology."
"Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy."
"The use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"[Molecular biology] seeks to uncover the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions."
"The goals include understanding biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues working at the Medical Research Council Unit, Cavendish Laboratory."
"It is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells."
"Previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contributed to the understanding of the DNA structure."
"Molecular biology enables scientists to learn about molecular processes, aiding in drug targeting, disease diagnosis, and cell physiology understanding."
"It provided important insights into the structure and function of DNA in various organisms."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity."