"Molecular biology is the study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules."
The study of biological macromolecules and their interactions, including DNA, RNA, and proteins.
DNA replication: The process of copying DNA strands during cell division.
Transcription: The process of creating RNA from DNA, which ultimately leads to protein synthesis.
Translation: The process of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated by ribosomes to make a specific protein.
Genetic code: The set of rules by which information in DNA is translated into proteins.
Central dogma: The principle that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
Chromosome structure and organization: The physical and chemical properties of chromosomes.
DNA damage and repair: How organisms deal with DNA damage to prevent mutations.
Gene regulation: The ways in which genes are turned on or off to control their expression.
Epigenetics: Changes in gene expression caused by modifications in DNA or histones, rather than changes in the DNA sequence.
Recombination and genetic variability: How genetic material is shuffled during sexual reproduction.
Genome sequencing and analysis: The process of determining the genetic information of an organism.
Molecular techniques: Methods for manipulating and analyzing DNA and proteins in the lab.
Proteomics: The study of the full complement of proteins expressed by a cell or organism.
Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur in living cells to maintain life.
Signal transduction: How cells communicate with each other and respond to environmental cues.
Protein Structure and Function: This area of molecular biology studies how proteins are made, the physical properties of protein molecules, folding pathways, and how proteins bind to other molecules.
Genomics: The study of genes, their function and interactions, and how they are expressed.
Epigenetics: The study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change to the underlying DNA sequence.
DNA Replication and Repair: The study of the enzymatic processes involved in DNA replication and repair.
RNA Biology: The study of RNA molecules including their structure, function, and interactions.
Cellular Signaling: The study of the molecular signals that control cell behavior.
Biomolecular Interactions: The study of how biomolecules interact with each other through both physical and chemical interactions.
Computational Molecular Biology: The use of mathematical and computational methods to analyze and model molecular biology data.
Molecular Evolution: The study of the evolutionary processes and differences at the molecular level.
Bioinformatics: The interdisciplinary field that develops and applies computational methods to analyze large-scale biological data, such as genomic and proteomic data.
"It seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"The term molecular biology was first used in 1945 by physicist William Astbury."
"In 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues created the double helix model of DNA."
"They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins."
"This led to the discovery of DNA material in other microorganisms, plants, and animals."
"The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes."
"These techniques can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology."
"Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy."
"The use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"[Molecular biology] seeks to uncover the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions."
"The goals include understanding biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions."
"Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues working at the Medical Research Council Unit, Cavendish Laboratory."
"It is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells."
"Previous research done by Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contributed to the understanding of the DNA structure."
"Molecular biology enables scientists to learn about molecular processes, aiding in drug targeting, disease diagnosis, and cell physiology understanding."
"It provided important insights into the structure and function of DNA in various organisms."
"Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena."
"Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity."