- "The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants."
The study of the lungs, airways, and breathing within the body.
Upper Respiratory Tract: A detailed study of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and upper trachea.
Lower Respiratory Tract: An overview of the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, and pleura in detail.
Breathing Mechanisms: A comprehensive understanding of the breathing mechanisms, including the muscles of the respiratory system, and the nerve supply.
Respiratory System Functions: An in-depth study of the primary functions of the respiratory system which are ventilation, gas exchange, and acid-base balance.
Anatomy of the Diaphragm: A detailed description of the diaphragm and its role in the respiratory system.
Pulmonary Circulation: An overview of the pulmonary circulation system and its relation with the respiratory system.
Respiratory System Development: The study of how the respiratory system develops from a fetus to an adult.
Respiratory System Diseases: An overview of common respiratory system disorders, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Respiratory System Assessment: The process of assessing the respiratory system, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
Respiratory System Diagnostic Tests: Various diagnostic tests, including bronchoscopy, spirometry, and arterial blood gases, used to evaluate and diagnose respiratory disorders.
Respiratory System Pharmacology: A detailed description of the drugs used to treat respiratory disorders, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and expectorants.
Respiratory System Surgical Interventions: The different surgical interventions performed on the respiratory system, including tracheostomy and lung transplantation.
Respiratory System Rehabilitation: Methods used to restore lung function after injury or surgery, including breathing exercises, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy.
Respiratory System Anatomy in Clinical Settings: The application of respiratory system anatomy in clinical settings, including intubation, tracheotomy, and ventilation.
Respiratory System Research: The ongoing research and advancements in the field of respiratory system anatomy, including new treatments, and technologies.
Nasal cavity: The hollow space behind the nose that warms, moistens, and filters air before it enters the lungs.
Pharynx: The area at the back of the throat that serves as a common pathway for both air and food.
Larynx: The structure between the pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound.
Trachea: The tube that extends down from the larynx and branches into the left and right bronchi, carrying air to and from the lungs.
Bronchi: The tubes that branch off the trachea and lead to the lungs, where they further divide into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles.
Alveoli: The tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole where gas exchange takes place between the lungs and the body.
- "The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives, and its evolutionary history."
- "In land animals, the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs."
- "Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called alveoli."
- "In birds they are known as atria."
- "These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood."
- "These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea."
- "The trachea branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi."
- "These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles."
- "In birds, the bronchioles are termed parabronchi."
- "Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing which involves the muscles of respiration."
- "In most fish, and a number of other aquatic animals, the respiratory system consists of gills, which are either partially or completely external organs, bathed in the watery environment."
- "Gas exchange takes place in the gills which consist of thin or very flat filaments and lamellae which expose a very large surface area of highly vascularized tissue to the water."
- "Insects have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange."
- "The respiratory system in plants includes anatomical features such as stomata, that are found in various parts of the plant."