- "The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate."
The study of the heart, blood vessels, and circulation within the body.
Anatomy of the Heart: This topic covers the structure of the heart including the chambers, valves, blood vessels and the cardiac muscle.
Circulatory System: This topic explains the circulatory system components, which include arteries, veins, capillaries, and the lymphatic vessels.
Blood Vessels: This topic covers the different types of blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries, and their specific roles in the cardiovascular system.
Cardiac Cycle: This topic discusses the phases of the cardiac cycle including systole, diastole, and ventricular filling.
Coronary Circulation: This topic covers the circulation of blood through the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
Cardiac Output: This topic explains the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute to circulate throughout the body.
Heart & Blood Pressure: This topic discusses how the heartbeats regulate blood pressure and the factors that affect blood pressure levels.
Heart rate variability: This topic covers the fluctuation of time intervals between consecutive heartbeats and the variation in heart rate depending on the situation.
Cardiovascular diseases: This topic discusses the various types of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
Blood flow: This topic discusses the circulatory system's mechanisms, which drive blood flow throughout the body.
Vascular System regulation: This topic covers the different mechanisms involved in regulating vascular resistance such as the sympathetic nervous system, endothelial cells, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
ECG & Heart Sounds: This topic discusses electrocardiography (ECG) and heart sounds including their interpretation in clinical practice.
Physiology of the Heart: This topic explains the electrical and mechanical events that take place during cardiac contractions.
Cardiovascular Pharmacology: This topic covers the study of drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases and their effects on the cardiovascular system.
Body Temperature Regulation: This topic explains how the cardiovascular system helps to regulate body temperature.
Heart: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
Blood vessels: The blood vessels are tubes that transport blood through the body. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries: Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They are usually deep within the body and have thick walls to withstand the pressure of the blood.
Veins: Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They are often located closer to the surface of the body and have thinner walls than arteries.
Capillaries: Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body tissues.
Aorta: The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Vena cava: The vena cava is a large vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
Coronary arteries: The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Pulmonary arteries and veins: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The pulmonary veins then carry oxygenated blood back to the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node: The SA node is a specialized group of cells located in the right atrium of the heart that acts as the pacemaker, initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat.
Atrioventricular (AV) node: The AV node is a group of specialized cells located between the atria and ventricles of the heart that helps coordinate the contraction of the heart.
Purkinje fibers: Purkinje fibers are specialized conductive fibers located in the ventricles of the heart that rapidly propagate the electrical impulses necessary for ventricular contraction.
Cardiac muscle: Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle tissue found only in the heart that is responsible for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.
- "It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels."
- "The circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation or circuit."
- "The circulatory system is closed in vertebrates, which means that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels."
- "Blood is a fluid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets."
- "It is circulated around the body carrying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and collecting and disposing of waste materials."
- "In vertebrates, the lymphatic system is complementary to the circulatory system."
- "The lymphatic system carries excess plasma... back to blood circulation as lymph."
- "The lymphatic system also works with the immune system."
- "unlike the closed (blood) circulatory system, the lymphatic system is an open system."
- "The circulation of lymph takes much longer than that of blood."
- "Cardiologists are medical professionals which specialize in the heart."
- "Cardiothoracic surgeons specialize in operating on the heart and its surrounding areas."
- "Vascular surgeons focus on disorders of the blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels."
- "The network of blood vessels are the great vessels of the heart including large elastic arteries, and large veins."
- "capillaries that join with venules (small veins), and other veins."
- "Diploblasts such as sponges, and comb jellies lack a circulatory system."
- "Circulated nutrients include proteins and minerals."
- "help maintain homeostasis by stabilizing temperature and natural pH."
- "The lymphatic system is a subsystem that is essential for the functioning of the blood circulatory system; without it the blood would become depleted of fluid."