- "Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
Public Policy Studies focuses on analyzing and influencing government decisions and actions to address societal issues and promote desired outcomes.
Political Science: The study of government systems, processes, and behavior.
International Relations: The study of relationships between countries and other foreign entities.
History: The study of past events and their impact on current society.
Economics: The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Sociology: The study of social behavior and interaction.
Anthropology: The study of human societies and cultures.
Psychology: The study of human behavior and mental processes.
Law: The study of rules and regulations that govern society.
Conflict Resolution: The study of how to resolve conflicts between individuals or groups.
Peacebuilding: The process of building sustainable peace in society.
Human Rights: The study of the rights that individuals are entitled to by virtue of being human.
Environmental Policy: The study of how governments and other actors address environmental issues.
Public Administration: The study of management principles and practices in the public sector.
Public Finance: The study of how governments raise and spend money.
Public Health: The study of the health of the public and the policies that support it.
Social Policy: The study of the policies that address a wide range of social issues.
Gender Studies: The study of gender roles and identities in society.
Cultural Studies: The study of the beliefs, practices, and artifacts of human cultures.
Ethnic Studies: The study of the social, cultural, and political experiences of ethnic groups.
Journalism: The study of reporting and communication about public policy issues.
International Security Studies: International security studies focus on the causes of conflict and the ways in which states and international organizations respond to it. This field examines the use of military force, diplomacy, economic sanctions, and other means to resolve conflicts or prevent them from escalating.
Conflict Resolution Studies: Conflict resolution studies examine ways to resolve conflicts peacefully through negotiation, mediation, and other forms of conflict management. This field aims to help individuals, groups, and institutions to resolve disputes without the use of violence.
Human Rights Studies: Human rights studies focus on protecting the rights of individuals and groups, particularly in the context of political conflict or war. This field examines issues such as torture, genocide, and discrimination, and seeks to promote human dignity and justice.
Peacebuilding Studies: Peacebuilding studies examine ways to sustain peace after conflicts have ended, particularly in post-conflict societies. This field includes efforts to rebuild infrastructure, establish good governance, and promote economic development, among other initiatives.
Global Governance Studies: Global governance studies examine the ways in which international organizations, such as the United Nations, can promote peace and security through cooperation and collective action. This field examines issues such as the effectiveness of international institutions, the role of international law, and the challenges of globalization.
Conflict and Development Studies: Conflict and development studies examine the relationship between conflict and economic development. This field focuses on rebuilding economies after conflicts, and on promoting sustainable economic growth in conflict-affected areas.
Gender and Conflict Studies: Gender and conflict studies examine the ways in which gender roles and relations affect conflict and post-conflict societies. This field focuses on issues such as sexual violence during conflicts, gender-based discrimination, and the participation of women in peacebuilding efforts.
Environmental Conflict Studies: Environmental conflict studies examine the role that natural resources, such as water and land, play in conflicts. This field focuses on issues such as resource scarcity, environmental degradation, and climate change.
Cultural Studies: Cultural Studies examines the ways in which cultural factors, such as religion or ethnicity, affect conflicts and peacebuilding efforts. This field seeks to promote understanding and respect for different cultures, and to find ways to bridge cultural divides.
Technological Security Studies: Technological security studies focus on the impact of technology on security issues such as privacy, cybercrime, and terrorism. This field examines the use of technology in managing conflict and promoting peace, as well as the challenges posed by emerging technologies.
- "They are created and/or enacted on behalf of the public typically by a government."
- "Sometimes they are made by nonprofit organizations or are made in co-production with communities or citizens."
- "They can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders or scientific data, or sometimes use some of their results."
- "There are many actors: elected politicians, political party leaders, pressure groups, civil servants, publicly employed professionals, judges, non-governmental organizations, international agencies, academic experts, journalists, and even sometimes citizens."
- "A popular way of understanding and engaging in public policy is through a series of stages known as 'the policy cycle.'"
- "A basic sequence is agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation."
- "Officials considered as policymakers bear responsibility to reflect the interests of a host of different stakeholders."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "Academics and other experts in policy studies have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "The implementation of public policy is known as public administration."
- "Public policy can be considered to be the sum of a government's direct and indirect activities and has been conceptualized in a variety of ways."
- "They are typically made by policymakers affiliated with currently elected politicians."
- "They are made in co-production with communities or citizens, which can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders."
- "Even sometimes citizens who see themselves as the passive recipients of policy."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "It divides the policy process into a series of stages, from a notional starting point at which policymakers begin to think about a policy problem to a notional end point at which a policy has been implemented and policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."
- "They are guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
- "Academic experts have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "Policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."