"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
Focuses on the role of international organizations, states, and other actors in managing conflicts, promoting peace, and building sustainable peace through cooperation and diplomacy.
Theoretical approaches in international relations: This involves the study of different schools of thought and theoretical perspectives that are used to analyze international relations.
International law and institutions: This involves the study of the international legal system and the institutions that govern the behavior of states.
Diplomacy and negotiation: This involves the study of the techniques and strategies used in diplomacy and negotiation.
International security: This involves the study of the military and non-military strategies that states use to ensure their national security.
Peacekeeping and conflict resolution: This involves the study of the tools and techniques that are used to prevent, manage, and resolve conflicts.
Human rights and humanitarian intervention: This involves the study of the principles and practices that underpin human rights and the ways in which states and organizations intervene in humanitarian crises.
Economics and globalization: This involves the study of the economic relationships that exist between states, including trade, investment, and development.
Environmental policy and sustainability: This involves the study of the environmental challenges faced by states and the policies that are put in place to address them.
Comparative politics and political systems: This involves the study of political systems in different countries and the ways in which they influence international relations.
Regional politics and security: This involves the study of the political dynamics and security challenges in different regions.
Collective action and international cooperation: This involves the study of the mechanisms that states and organizations use to work together to achieve common goals.
Media and public opinion in international relations: This involves the study of the role of media and public opinion in shaping international relations.
Identity and nationalism in international relations: This involves the study of the ways in which identity and nationalism influence states' behavior in the international arena.
Critical theory in international relations: This involves the study of the critical approaches to understanding international relations, including postcolonialism, feminism, and constructivism.
Foreign policy analysis: This involves the study of the decision-making processes that states use to develop and implement their foreign policies.
Realism: This approach argues that international politics is a power struggle among self-interested states.
Liberalism: This approach emphasizes the importance of international institutions, cooperation, and norms.
Constructivism: This approach argues that social norms and identities shape how states interact with one another.
Marxism: This approach analyzes international relations from an economic perspective, arguing that capitalism creates conflicts between states.
Feminism: This approach examines the role of gender in international relations, highlighting how it affects power dynamics and conflicts.
Critical Theory: This approach critiques the unequal distribution of power and analyzes how it affects global politics.
Postcolonialism: This approach emphasizes the impact of colonization on international relations and seeks to challenge Western-centric perspectives.
Cultural Studies: This approach examines how culture, language, and communication affect international relations.
Game Theory: This approach applies mathematical models to study strategic behavior and decision-making in international conflicts.
Environmentalism: This approach analyzes the role of the environment in shaping international relations and promotes sustainable practices to prevent global crises.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."