"Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity..."
The materials and methods used in classical architecture, including stone, brick, concrete, and stucco, as well as construction techniques such as arches, vaults, and domes.
Masonry: This refers to the use of materials such as stone, brick, and concrete in building construction. It involves understanding the different types of masonry and their applications.
Timber: Timber refers to the use of wood in construction. Knowledge of timber and its properties is vital in architectural design.
Metals: Metals find their use in architectural design for their durability and strength. A basic understanding of various types of metals and their properties is essential for any architect.
Mortar: Mortar is a mixture of cement, sand, and water. Proper knowledge of how to prepare and use mortar is necessary in building construction.
Concrete: Concrete is a composite material made up of cement, water, and various aggregates. Understanding the different types of concrete and their applications is important in architecture.
Roofing: This encompasses a range of materials such as slate, clay tiles, metal sheets, and asphalt shingles. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different roofing materials helps choose the best material for a particular project.
Carpentry: Carpentry involves the shaping, cutting, and joining of timber. A basic understanding of carpentry tools, techniques, and joinery is essential in architectural design and construction.
Plaster: Plastering is a process of applying a layer of plaster to walls and ceilings. Understanding different plastering techniques, materials, and finishes is necessary in building design.
Masonry work: Masonry work encompasses various tasks such as brickwork, stonework, and tile work. Understanding the different patterns and finishes of masonry-work helps choose the appropriate material and technique for a particular project.
Painting and decorative finishes: This involves applying finishes such as paint, stains, and varnishes to surfaces. Understanding the properties of different paints and finishes is necessary to choose the right one for a particular project.
Stone: One of the oldest, most durable and commonly used materials in classical architecture. Comes in various types including limestone, marble, sandstone, and granite.
Brick: A material made of clay that is easy to work with and can be formed into various shapes and sizes. Commonly used as a façade material in classical architecture.
Concrete: A durable material made of cement, sand, and water. Often used as the structural material for classical architecture buildings.
Timber: A renewable and versatile material used in classical architecture for framing, windows, doors, and decorative features.
Terracotta: A form of baked clay that is used for ornamental, sculptural or decorative purposes in classical architecture.
Metals: Metals such as iron, bronze, and gold have been used as decoration, roofing, and structural support, especially during the Renaissance period.
Entasis: A technique used in column design where the shaft is subtly tapered at regular intervals from the base to the capital to create an illusion of perfect straightness.
Arch: A curved structure made of stone, brick, or concrete that spans an opening, supporting weight above it.
Vault: A series of arches that form a roof structure in a long, narrow space.
Dome: A hemispherical shape that is often used to cover open spaces such as courtyards or as a top to a drum.
Tuscan Order: One of the five classical orders of architecture that features an unadorned column and simple capital.
Corinthian Order: One of the five classical orders of architecture that features intricate foliate motifs on the capital.
Fresco: A technique where paint is applied onto wet plaster, which preserves the vibrant colors of the painting for centuries.
Mosaic: Small tiles or colored glass pieces that are arranged to form decorative patterns or images.
Pilaster: A flat, rectangular column that projects slightly from a vertical surface to add decoration to a façade.
Relief: A three-dimensional sculpture that is cut away from a flat surface to create a design or pattern.
"...from the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius."
"Different styles of classical architecture have arguably existed since the Carolingian Renaissance..."
"...and prominently since the Italian Renaissance."
"...they can in general all be said to draw on a common 'vocabulary' of decorative and constructive elements."
"In much of the Western world, different classical architectural styles have dominated the history of architecture from the Renaissance until World War II."
"Classical architecture continues to inform many architects."
"The term classical architecture also applies to any mode of architecture that has evolved to a highly refined state, such as classical Chinese architecture, or classical Mayan architecture."
"It can also refer to any architecture that employs classical aesthetic philosophy."
"The term might be used differently from 'traditional' or 'vernacular architecture,' although it can share underlying axioms with it."
"For contemporary buildings following authentic classical principles, the term New Classical architecture is sometimes used."