"Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure support and shape."
A study of different types of framing systems, their components and how they are assembled, and the roles they play in supporting the building structure.
Types of framing systems: This covers the different types of framing systems such as wood-frame, steel-frame, and concrete-frame.
Structural components: This topic covers the materials used for framing, including beams, columns, floor and roof systems, and walls.
Load-bearing capacities: This topic covers the load-bearing capacities of framing systems to support the weight of the structure, occupancy, and environmental stresses.
Building codes: This topic covers the standards that regulate the design and construction of framing systems to ensure the safety and well-being of occupants.
Design principles: This topic covers the principles of designing framing systems, including structural analysis, engineering, and aesthetics.
Construction methods: This topic covers the methods used to construct framing systems, including prefabrication, modular construction, and standard construction methods.
Cost estimation: This topic covers the cost estimation of framing systems, including materials, labor, and other expenses incurred during construction.
Sustainability principles: This topic covers the principles of sustainable framing systems, including energy efficiency, water conservation, and the use of recycled materials.
Maintenance and repair: This topic covers the methods and techniques used to maintain and repair framing systems to ensure their long-term durability.
Code compliance: This topic covers the regulations and standards that framing systems must follow to ensure code compliance and safety.
Timber Frame: The oldest framing system, commonly used in traditional homes. It involves wooden beams connected by mortise and tenon joints.
Steel Frame: An industrial strength framing system is usually associated with larger buildings. Steel framing involves the use of a combination of steel and concrete to provide a strong foundation.
Light Gauge Steel Frame: A newer framing system, similar to traditional steel framing, is lightweight and more cost-effective, using thinner steel sheets and studs.
Cast-In-Place Concrete: A method of pouring concrete into a prepared trench or footing, then reinforcing it with steel bars, known as rebar.
Precast Concrete: Concrete panels are pre-fabricated offsite and brought to the construction site to be assembled as per architectural drawings.
Insulated Concrete Forms: A form of concrete construction that involves pouring concrete between two layers of foam insulation.
SIPS (Structural Insulated Panels): Consists of an insulating foam panel sandwiched between two structural outer panels (usually OSB sheets) that carries the loads of a building.
Post and Beam: Consists of vertical posts and horizontal beams used to frame a structure, similar to timber framing but with larger parts.
Masonry Block and Brick: A traditional and widely used building system that involves stacking blocks or bricks together.
Modular Construction: Fabricated offsite in a factory line and then brought to the construction site for assembly, it can be manufactured for a variety of layouts and configurations.
Hybrid construction: Combination and use of a couple of framing systems in a single building construction are known as hybrid construction. E.g., light gauge steel and SIPS.
Mass Timber construction: Utilizes engineered wood products like Glulam, CLT, and other biobased materials to provide prefabricated structural elements.
"Framing materials are usually wood, engineered wood, or structural steel."
"The alternative to framed construction is generally called mass wall construction, where horizontal layers of stacked materials such as log building, masonry, rammed earth, adobe, etc. are used without framing."
"Building framing is divided into two broad categories, heavy-frame construction (heavy framing) if the vertical supports are few and heavy such as in timber framing, pole building framing, or steel framing; or light-frame construction (light-framing) if the supports are more numerous and smaller, such as balloon, platform, or light-steel framing."
"Light-frame construction using standardized dimensional lumber has become the dominant construction method in North America and Australia due to the economy of the method; use of minimal structural material allows builders to enclose a large area at minimal cost while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles."
"Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels (plywood and other plywood-like composites such as oriented strand board (OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections)."
"Until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing to stabilize walls."
"Diagonal bracing remains a vital interior part of many roof systems."
"Yes, in-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States."
"Special framed shear walls are becoming more common to help buildings meet the requirements of earthquake engineering and wind engineering."
"Horizontal layers of stacked materials such as log building, masonry, rammed earth, adobe, etc. are used without framing in mass wall construction."
"Light-frame construction allows builders to enclose a large area at minimal cost while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles."
"Heavy-frame construction utilizes vertical supports that are few and heavy, such as in timber framing, pole building framing, or steel framing."
"Examples of mass wall construction include log building, masonry, rammed earth, and adobe."
"The economy of the light-frame construction method allows builders to enclose a large area at minimal cost."
"Plywood and other plywood-like composites such as oriented strand board (OSB) are commonly used as rigid panels in modern light-frame structures."
"Diagonal bracing is employed by carpenters to stabilize walls."
"Light-frame construction has become the dominant construction method in North America and Australia."
"Building framing is divided into two broad categories: heavy-frame construction and light-frame construction."
"In-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States."