"Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants."
Study of viral diseases that affect plants, including their symptoms, identification, life cycles, and management.
Virus structure and classification: This topic deals with the classification of viruses based on their structure, size and genetic material.
Replication cycle: The replication cycle describes how viruses infect host cells and reproduce, including the stages of attachment, penetration, transcription, translation and assembly.
Symptoms and disease development: This topic focuses on the damage caused by plant viruses to host plants and the symptoms that they produce. Different viruses produce different symptoms, which can range from mild to severe.
Transmission and spread: This topic explores the ways in which viruses can be transmitted, including through vectors such as insects, contaminated soil or seeds, and grafting. It also details how viruses can spread within a host plant and to other plants.
Plant-virus interactions: This topic focuses on the interactions between viruses and plants, including how plants respond to viral infections, the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility, and the effects of environmental factors on host-virus interactions.
Diagnosis and detection: This topic covers the methods used to detect and diagnose plant viruses, including serological tests, polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy.
Control and management: This topic explores the various methods used to control and manage plant virus infections, including cultural practices, chemical treatments, and genetic resistance.
Epidemiology and global impact: This topic details the global impact of plant viruses and the factors that influence their occurrence and spread, including climate change, international trade, and agricultural practices.
Interdisciplinary aspects: This topic explores the interdisciplinary nature of the study of plant viruses, including collaborations between scientists in diverse fields such as agronomy, plant physiology, biochemistry, and ecology.
Research methodologies and novel techniques: This topic discusses the latest research methodologies and techniques that are being used to study plant viruses, including genome sequencing, metagenomics, and nanotechnology-based approaches.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects tobacco plants, causing mosaic patterns on leaves.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range of crops, causing wilting, yellowing, and necrosis.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects cucurbits and other crops, causing mottling, distortion, and stunting.
Potato virus Y (PVY): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects potato plants, causing mosaic patterns and other symptoms that lead to reduced yields.
Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects legumes, causing yellowing and distortion of leaves, stems, and flowers.
Maize streak virus (MSV): A single-stranded DNA virus that infects maize plants, causing streaks and mottles on leaves.
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects alfalfa and other legumes, causing mosaic patterns and yellowing of leaves.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects grasses, causing yellowing and stunting of plants.
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV): A single-stranded RNA virus that infects citrus plants, causing stunting, chlorosis, and eventual death.
"Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host."
"Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome. They rarely have an envelope."
"The great majority of plant viruses have an RNA genome, which is usually small and single stranded (ss). However, some viruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA, ssDNA, or dsDNA genomes."
"Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the first virus to be discovered, has become very recognizable."
"These viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year."
"To transmit from one plant to another and from one plant cell to another, plant viruses must use strategies that are usually different from animal viruses."
"Plant cells are surrounded by solid cell walls; therefore, transport through plasmodesmata is the preferred path for virions to move between plant cells."
"Viruses in wild plants have not been well-studied, but the interactions between wild plants and their viruses often do not appear to cause disease in the host plants."
"Plant defenses against viral infection include, among other measures, the use of siRNA in response to dsRNA."
"Most plant viruses encode a protein to suppress this response."
"Plants have specialized mechanisms for transporting mRNAs through plasmodesmata."
"Plants also reduce transport through plasmodesmata in response to injury."
"Plant viruses are grouped into 73 genera and 49 families."
"Plant-to-plant transmission usually involves vectors, such as insects."
"Although plant viruses are not as well understood as their animal counterparts..."
"Isometric particles are another common structure."
"The interactions between wild plants and their viruses often do not appear to cause disease in the host plants."
"These viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year."
"Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), the first virus to be discovered."