"any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques"
The use of technology to modify plants or animals for agricultural purposes, such as genetically modifying crops for increased resistance to pests.
Molecular Biology: It is the study of biological activity at the molecular level, and it forms the basis of biotechnology as genes and proteins are manipulated for industrial purposes.
Genetic Engineering: It is the process of manipulating the DNA of an organism, often by using recombinant DNA technology, to change its characteristics or create new proteins.
Genomics: It is the study of the entire genetic makeup of an organism or a group of organisms.
Protein Engineering: It is the development of new or improved proteins that can be used in biotechnological applications.
Microbial Biotechnology: It is the use of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to produce products such as pharmaceuticals, enzymes, and agrochemicals.
Plant Biotechnology: It is the use of genetic engineering techniques to modify plants for desired traits such as increased productivity, disease resistance, and improved nutrient content.
Animal Biotechnology: It is the genetic manipulation of animals for food production, pharmaceutical manufacture or in the field of animal health.
Bioprocess Engineering: It is the design and optimization of industrial-scale bioprocesses to produce desired products.
Bioremediation: It is the use of microorganisms or their products to remove pollutants from the environment.
Biopharmaceuticals: It is the use of genetically engineered proteins and other biologics such as vaccines and antibodies for medical purposes.
Bioinformatics: It is the use of computational tools and techniques to analyze biological data, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
Biosensors: It is the application of biological molecules, such as enzymes and antibodies, to detect and measure the presence of specific substances.
Fermentation Technology: It is the use of microorganisms, often in large-scale industrial processes, to produce products such as ethanol, lactic acid and other organic acids.
Food Biotechnology: It is the use of biotechnology to improve the efficiency, safety, and quality of food production.
Environmental Biotechnology: It is the application of biotechnology to remediate environmental pollution and to promote sustainable environmental practices.
Agricultural Biotechnology: It is the use of biotechnology to improve the productivity, sustainability and environmental impact of agriculture.
Bioreactor design: It is the engineering of efficient bioreactors to optimize industrial fermentation processes for product yield and purity.
Biostatistics: It is the application of statistical analysis to biological data, such as clinical trials and large-scale biological experiments.
Cell Culture: It is the artificial cultivation of cells in a controlled environment, often for research or production purposes.
Downstream processing: It is the process of purifying and refining a product once it has been produced in a bioreactor.
Genetic Engineering: This involves the manipulation of an organism's genetic material to create desirable traits, such as higher yields or resistance to pests and diseases.
Genetic Modification: This involves introducing DNA from one organism to another in order to create a hybrid strain with desired traits.
Plant Tissue Culture: This involves growing plant cells in a laboratory setting under controlled conditions, in order to regenerate new plants.
Microbial Fermentation: This involves harnessing the natural metabolic processes of microorganisms to produce food, fuel, and industrial products.
Bioinformatics: This involves using computational tools and software to analyze and interpret biological data, in order to gain insights into genetic structures and functions.
Bioremediation: This involves using living organisms, such as bacteria or plants, to clean up environmental pollutants and toxins.
Bioprocessing: This involves using living organisms or biological processes to convert raw materials into usable products, such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and food additives.
"A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms."
"Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements."
"Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin."
"The first plant was produced in 1983."
"The first commercialized genetically modified food was the Flavr Savr tomato, released in 1994."
"Bacteria are the easiest organisms to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification, agriculture, and art."
"Viruses play an important role as vectors for inserting genetic information into other organisms."
"Genetically modified crops are publicly the most controversial GMOs, in spite of having the most human health and environmental benefits."
"The majority are engineered for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Golden rice has been engineered with three genes that increase its nutritional value."
"Other prospects for GM crops are as bioreactors for the production of biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, or medicines."
"Mammals are the best model organisms for humans, making ones genetically engineered to resemble serious human diseases important to the discovery and development of treatments."
"Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival."
"Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets, and as a food source."
"Genetic engineering has been proposed as a way to control mosquitos, a vector for many deadly diseases."
"Many objections have been raised over the development of GMOs, particularly their commercialization."
"There is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food."
"Gene flow, impact on non-target organisms, and escape are the major environmental concerns."
"There are differences in regulation for the release of GMOs between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe."
"Key issues concerning regulators include whether GM food should be labeled and the status of gene-edited organisms."