"any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques"
The use of living organisms, especially genetically modified organisms, in agriculture and food production.
Genetics: The study of genes, their functions, and their inheritability in organisms.
Molecular Biology: The study of the structure and function of the molecular systems within living organisms.
Biochemistry: The study of the chemical processes and substances involved in living organisms.
Cell Biology: The study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells, which are the basic units of life.
Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Plant Biology: The study of plants, including their structure, function, and growth.
Animal Biology: The study of animals, including their structure, function, and behavior.
Bioprocessing: The use of biological organisms or systems to produce useful products or materials.
Genetic Engineering: The modification of genetic material to produce desirable traits in an organism.
Bioremediation: The use of organisms to degrade environmental pollutants.
Agricultural Biotechnology: The use of biotechnology in agriculture to improve crop yields, reduce environmental impact, and increase food quality and safety.
Food Biotechnology: The use of biotechnology in the production of food, including fermentation, food processing, and the development of new food products.
Environmental Biotechnology: The use of biotechnology to address environmental issues such as pollution, waste management, and conservation.
Biosafety and Ethics: The ethical considerations and safety regulations involved in the use of biotechnology in various fields.
Regulatory Affairs: The governmental regulations and policies governing the research, development, and commercialization of biotechnology products.
Plant Biotechnology: The modification of plant characteristics for improved yield, disease resistance, and nutrition through genetic engineering.
Animal Biotechnology: The modification of animal characteristics for disease resistance, environment adaptation, and improved productivity through genetic engineering.
Aquaculture Biotechnology: The utilization of biotechnological tools for the production of economically viable and sustainable aquaculture products.
Molecular Farming: The integration of biotechnology into traditional agricultural systems to produce valuable proteins and pharmaceuticals.
Food Biotechnology: The modification of food ingredients and enzymes for improved functional and nutritional properties.
Agricultural Biotechnology: The utilization of biotechnology to improve crop yield and quality, and to develop environmentally sustainable agricultural systems.
Environmental Biotechnology: The utilization of biotechnology to address environmental issues such as pollution control, waste management, and soil conservation.
Nutritional Biotechnology: The use of biotechnology to improve nutrient availability and quality in food products.
Post-harvest Biotechnology: The application of biotechnological tools for the preservation and storage of agricultural and food products.
Bioprocessing: The use of biotechnological processes to produce innovative and sustainable industrial products.
"A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms."
"Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements."
"Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin."
"The first plant was produced in 1983."
"The first commercialized genetically modified food was the Flavr Savr tomato, released in 1994."
"Bacteria are the easiest organisms to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification, agriculture, and art."
"Viruses play an important role as vectors for inserting genetic information into other organisms."
"Genetically modified crops are publicly the most controversial GMOs, in spite of having the most human health and environmental benefits."
"The majority are engineered for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Golden rice has been engineered with three genes that increase its nutritional value."
"Other prospects for GM crops are as bioreactors for the production of biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, or medicines."
"Mammals are the best model organisms for humans, making ones genetically engineered to resemble serious human diseases important to the discovery and development of treatments."
"Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival."
"Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets, and as a food source."
"Genetic engineering has been proposed as a way to control mosquitos, a vector for many deadly diseases."
"Many objections have been raised over the development of GMOs, particularly their commercialization."
"There is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food."
"Gene flow, impact on non-target organisms, and escape are the major environmental concerns."
"There are differences in regulation for the release of GMOs between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe."
"Key issues concerning regulators include whether GM food should be labeled and the status of gene-edited organisms."