"In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information and the mental toll of it."
Acknowledging and accepting conflicting ideas and holding them simultaneously without judgment or bias.
Cognitive flexibility: The ability to change one's thinking and adapt to new situations.
Logical paradoxes: Statements or situations that appear to contradict themselves.
Critical thinking: The ability to analyze and evaluate arguments and evidence.
Understanding ambiguity: The ability to recognize and navigate situations where there is more than one interpretation.
Cultural relativism: The concept that beliefs and practices should be understood in the context of their own culture.
Tolerance of uncertainty: The ability to tolerate and manage ambiguity and uncertainty.
Dialectical thinking: The ability to see multiple perspectives and hold seemingly contradictory ideas at the same time.
Mindfulness: The practice of being present and non-judgmental in the moment.
Holistic thinking: The ability to see the interconnectedness of different ideas and areas of knowledge.
Emotional regulation: The ability to manage strong emotions and remain open-minded in difficult situations.
Non-attachment: The practice of letting go of preconceptions and attachments to ideas and beliefs.
Epistemic humility: The recognition that one's own knowledge and understanding is limited and subject to change.
Intellectual humility: The willingness to acknowledge and learn from one's mistakes and limitations.
Empathy: The ability to understand and empathize with others' perspectives and experiences.
Interpersonal communication skills: The ability to listen actively and communicate effectively with others.
Conflict resolution skills: The ability to navigate and resolve conflicts in a respectful and cooperative manner.
Rationality: The ability to think logically and make decisions based on evidence and reason rather than emotion or bias.
Self-reflection: The practice of reflecting on one's own beliefs and assumptions.
Introspection: The practice of examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives.
Open-mindedness: The willingness to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they contradict one's own beliefs.
Dialectical thinking: The ability to recognize multiple truths or perspectives and accept contradictions in order to find a synthesis or a deeper understanding.
Cognitive dissonance theory: The ability to tolerate and even seek out cognitive dissonance, a state of mental discomfort when holding conflicting beliefs or values.
Incongruity theory: The ability to appreciate humor, irony, or paradox by accepting unexpected or contradictory situations.
Multi-dimensional thinking: The ability to embrace complexity and recognize that people or ideas can have multiple and contradictory traits or qualities.
Introspective thinking: The ability to examine one's own beliefs and values and recognize their limitations or contradictions.
Contemplative thinking: The ability to be open and receptive to new ideas, experiences, or sensations without judgments or preconceptions.
Evolutionary thinking: The ability to recognize that ideas, beliefs, and values are not static but can change, evolve, and adapt over time.
Holistic thinking: The ability to see the big picture and recognize that apparently contradictory elements can be part of a larger and interconnected whole.
Collaborative thinking: The ability to listen to and learn from others who hold different beliefs or perspectives and find common ground.
Skeptical thinking: The ability to question assumptions, challenge arguments, and seek evidence before accepting any belief or idea.
"Relevant items of information include a person's actions, feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in the environment."
"Cognitive dissonance is typically experienced as psychological stress when persons participate in an action that goes against one or more of those things."
"People do all in their power to change them until they become consistent."
"The discomfort is triggered by the person's belief clashing with new information perceived."
"The individual tries to find a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce their discomfort."
"Leon Festinger proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to function mentally in the real world."
"A person who experiences internal inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable and is motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance."
"They tend to make changes to justify the stressful behavior (rationalization) or by avoiding circumstances and contradictory information likely to increase the magnitude of the cognitive dissonance (confirmation bias)."
"Coping with the nuances of contradictory ideas or experiences is mentally stressful."
"It requires energy and effort to sit with those seemingly opposite things that all seem true."
"Festinger argued that some people would inevitably resolve the dissonance by blindly believing whatever they wanted to believe."
"A person's actions can be an item of information that triggers cognitive dissonance."
"Individuals tend to change their cognitions or avoid contradictory information to reduce psychological discomfort."
"Feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in the environment are examples of items that can contribute to cognitive dissonance."
"The discomfort is triggered by the person's belief clashing with new information perceived."
"Festinger proposed that individuals strive for internal consistency and may make changes to justify their behavior or avoid contradictory information."
"Cognitive dissonance is typically experienced as psychological stress and can be mentally tolling."
"Confirmation bias is one way individuals cope with cognitive dissonance, by avoiding contradictory information likely to increase the magnitude of the cognitive dissonance."
"When actions or ideas are not psychologically consistent with each other, people try to change them until they become consistent."