"Transport economics is a branch of economics founded in 1959 by American economist John R. Meyer."
The relationship between transportation policy and global economic activity, including international trade and migration.
Transportation Systems: This includes the physical infrastructure, vehicles or vessels, and technology used to transport people, goods, or information across different modes of transportation like air, land, or water.
Globalization and Transportation: Examines how global economic, social, and cultural trends have influenced transportation systems worldwide.
Transportation Policy: Deals with the development and implementation of laws, regulations, and rules for enhancing transportation systems' safety, efficiency, and effectiveness.
Planning and Designing Transportation Systems: Involves designing and building transportation systems that efficiently move people and goods, take into account passenger safety, and reduce environmental impacts.
Sustainable Transportation: Focuses on reducing the environmental impact of transportation by promoting the use of alternative modes of transportation like walking, cycling, public transit, and electric vehicles.
Freight Transportation: Concerns the movement of goods from one point to another using different modes of transportation for efficient delivery.
Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Deals with the flow of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption.
Transportation Economics: Looks at the economic principles and practical issues associated with transportation systems and the value of transportation services.
Technology and Innovation in Transportation: Includes the development, implementation, and evaluation of new technologies to increase safety and efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve connectivity and mobility.
Public Transportation: Focuses on the provision of reliable, comfortable, and affordable transportation options to improve mobility and reduce traffic congestion.
Urban Planning and Transportation: Examines the relationship between transportation systems and urban planning to promote sustainable, livable, and equitable cities.
Transit-Oriented Development: Involves planning and designing transportation systems to encourage more compact, walkable, and transit-friendly communities.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Includes the use of advanced technologies, such as sensors, GPS, and traffic management systems, to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and increase safety.
Emergency and Disaster Transportation Planning: Concerns the planning and management of transportation systems during emergencies and disasters, to ensure timely and safe evacuations and response efforts.
Transportation Security: Focuses on preventing, responding to, and recovering from transportation security threats, including terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, and natural disasters.
Roads: They are used by cars, buses, trucks, and other vehicles to transport goods and people from one place to another. They are a vital part of global transportation and are often the most accessible mode of transport in many countries.
Railways: They are used to transport goods and passengers over long distances. They are often faster than other modes of transport and are the most environmentally friendly. Railways have become a crucial component of globalization, connecting countries, cities, and even continents.
Waterways: They include rivers, canals, and seas, and they are used to transport goods and people across the world. Shipping is the most cost-effective way of transporting goods globally and has played a crucial role in the growth of international trade.
Air transportation: It is the fastest mode of transport and is used to transport people and goods over long distances. Air transportation has created a global network of airports, connecting people and businesses worldwide.
Pipelines: They are used to transport liquids and gas over long distances, such as oil, natural gas, or water. Pipelines play a critical role in global energy transport.
Mass transit: It is a collective mode of public transport, including buses, trains, or trams, that move people within cities, regions, or countries. Mass transit is essential in urban areas where high volumes of people live and work.
Space transportation: It involves the use of rockets or shuttles to transport people and goods to outer space. Space transportation has a crucial role in the development of space exploration and telecommunications, a fundamental aspect of globalization.
Sustainable transportation: It refers to various modes of transportation that are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote environmental conservation. Sustainable transportation is becoming increasingly important for global mobility, particularly as the world becomes more environmentally conscious.
Autonomous transportation: It involves the use of self-driving vehicles, drones, or smart automated systems to transport goods and people. Autonomous transportation has the potential to revolutionize transportation and global trade, making it more efficient, cost-effective, and safer.
Personal transportation: It refers to the use of a private vehicle, such as a car, bike, or scooter, to transport an individual or a small group of people. Personal transportation is a vital component of global mobility, providing individuals with access to work, education, and leisure.
"Transport economics deals with the allocation of resources within the transport sector."
"It has strong links to civil engineering."
"People and goods flow over networks at certain speeds. Demands peak. Advance ticket purchase is often induced by lower fares."
"The networks themselves may or may not be competitive."
"The complications of network effects and choices between dissimilar goods (e.g. car and bus travel)."
"The development of models to estimate the likely choices between the goods involved in transport decisions (discrete choice models)."
"A Nobel Prize for Daniel McFadden."
"Demand can be measured in the number of journeys made or in the total distance traveled across all journeys."
"Supply is considered to be a measure of capacity."
"The price of the good (travel) is measured using the generalised cost of travel, which includes both money and time expenditure."
"The effect of increases in supply (i.e. capacity) are of particular interest in transport economics (see induced demand), as the potential environmental consequences are significant."
"Externalities."
"People and goods flow over networks at certain speeds."
"Advance ticket purchase is often induced by lower fares."
"The networks themselves may or may not be competitive."
"A single trip (the final good, in the consumer's eyes) may require the bundling of services provided by several firms, agencies, and modes."
"The development of models to estimate the likely choices between the goods involved in transport decisions led to the development of an important branch of econometrics."
"Passenger-kilometers."
"Vehicle-kilometers of travel (VKT) for private transport."