"Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured."
Safety principles related to traffic management, including speed limits, visibility, and hazard mitigation.
Traffic Flow: Understanding how vehicles, pedestrians, and bicycles move through a roadway network.
Traffic Control Devices: Study of signs, signals, markings, and other devices that regulate traffic.
Accidents and their Causes: Analysis of common causes of accidents and methods to prevent accidents.
Intersection Control: Designing intersections and study of the different methods of intersection control.
Human Factors: How human behavior affects traffic safety and accident analysis.
Pavement Markings and Signs: Understanding the types of pavement markings and signs and their importance in traffic safety.
Traffic Signals: Study of the different types of traffic signals, their function, and their operation.
Speed Management: Analysis of how speed affects traffic safety and techniques to manage speed.
Roadway Design: Designing roadways and highways to improve traffic safety.
Transportation Planning: Study of methods to plan, design, and manage transportation systems.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): Study of advanced technologies that can improve traffic safety and efficiency.
Road Safety Audits: Evaluation of potential safety hazards and developing safety strategies for a roadway or highway system.
Work Zone Safety: Safety issues related to construction work zones on roadways.
Pedestrian Safety: Study of safety issues related to pedestrian traffic.
Bicycle Safety: Safety issues related to bicycle traffic.
Traffic Safety Legislation: Study of the laws and regulations concerning traffic safety.
Emergency Traffic Management: Developing strategies for managing traffic during emergencies such as natural disasters or accidents.
Safety Education and Outreach: Developing educational programs to raise awareness of traffic safety issues.
Data Analysis: Analyzing data related to traffic safety and developing strategies to improve safety.
Incident Management: Managing incidents on roadways such as accidents, breakdowns, and congestion.
Traffic signals: Devices that regulate the flow of traffic by controlling when vehicles must stop, yield or proceed.
Road signs: Signs posted along the road that provide information, warning or regulation to motorists.
Roundabouts: Intersections designed to reduce the incidence of serious crashes by slower speeds, and fewer conflict points compared to other types of intersections.
Speed bumps: Physical obstacles placed on roadways to reduce the speed of vehicles.
Road markings: Different colored markings painted on the road surface that provide information and guide motorists.
Pedestrian crossings: Segregated areas where pedestrians can safely cross busy roads.
Traffic islands: Curved or triangular shaped barriers that divide the flow of traffic, reducing the risk of head-on crashes.
Bicycle lanes: Dedicated lanes for bicyclists to safely travel in.
Reflective materials: Reflective devices or materials applied to road surfaces and devices to improve visibility of roads and motorists at night.
Traffic calming measures: Measures taken to slow down traffic in neighborhoods and residential areas.
Road hump and other raised platforms: Traffic calming measures that force motorist to slow down by creating a raised profile on the road.
Speed warning signs: These are display signs that show the speed limit of a roadway and warn motorists if their speed exceeds the safe limit.
Shoulder improvements: The addition of paved shoulders to roads provides a safer area for vehicles to pull over in case of emergency.
Traffic cameras: Cameras mounted on roads that record the behavior of motorists to provide evidence for any traffic law violations.
Barricades and Barriers: Temporary or permanent constructions on roads that restrict vehicle access or redirect traffic flow to enhance safety.
Guardrails: Barriers designed to protect motorists from serious or fatal crashes by redirecting the vehicle safely back onto the road.
"Typical road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, vehicle passengers, horse riders, and passengers of on-road public transport (mainly buses and trams)."
"The basic strategy of a Safe System approach is to ensure that in the event of a crash, the impact energies remain below the threshold likely to produce either death or serious injury."
"This threshold will vary from crash scenario to crash scenario, depending upon the level of protection offered to the road users involved."
"The chances of survival for an unprotected pedestrian hit by a vehicle diminish rapidly at speeds greater than 30 km/h."
"For a properly restrained motor vehicle occupant, the critical impact speed is 50 km/h (for side impact crashes)."
"For a properly restrained motor vehicle occupant, the critical impact speed is 70 km/h (for head-on crashes)."
"Sustainable solutions for classes of road safety have not been identified, particularly low-traffic rural and remote roads."
"A hierarchy of control should be applied, similar to classifications used to improve occupational safety and health."
"At the highest level is sustainable prevention of serious injury and death crashes."
"The second level is real-time risk reduction, which involves providing users at severe risk with a specific warning to enable them to take mitigating action."
"The third level is about reducing the crash risk which involves applying the road-design standards and guidelines, improving driver behavior and enforcement."
"Sustainable requiring all key result areas to be considered."
"Traffic safety has been studied as a science for more than 75 years."
"The aim is to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured."
"Users at severe risk" would need specific warnings.
"Applying road-design standards and guidelines, improving driver behavior and enforcement" are methods to reduce crash risk.
"The chances of survival for an unprotected pedestrian hit by a vehicle diminish rapidly at speeds greater than 30 km/h."
"Sustainable prevention of serious injury and death crashes" is the highest level of importance.
"The threshold will vary from crash scenario to crash scenario, depending upon the level of protection offered to the road users involved."