The logistics processes involved in transporting goods across national borders, including customs clearance and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Incoterms: A set of rules that define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers involved in international trade in terms of transportation, insurance, and delivery of goods.
Modes of transportation: Understanding the various modes of transportation available for international logistics, such as air, sea, land, and rail.
Freight forwarding: The coordination and management of shipments moving from one country to another, including logistics planning, documentation, customs clearance, and transportation.
Customs regulations: Knowledge of customs laws, regulations, and documentation required for international shipments.
Supply chain management: Understanding the entire supply chain from raw materials to finished products and how it affects international logistics.
Trade agreements: Understanding the impact of trade agreements on international logistics, such as tariffs, quotas, and free trade agreements.
Shipping documentation: Understanding the various documents required for international shipping, including bill of lading, commercial invoice, and packing list.
Insurance: Understanding the importance of cargo insurance and the types of coverage available for international shipments.
Import and export regulations: Knowledge of the regulations and requirements for importing and exporting goods in different countries.
Transportation management systems: The use of technology systems to manage transportation logistics, including route optimization, carrier selection, and tracking.
Warehousing and distribution: Understanding the storage, distribution, and management of goods in international logistics.
Risk management: Identifying potential risks in international logistics, including legal, financial, and operational risks, and developing strategies to mitigate them.
Reverse logistics: Understanding the management of goods that are returned or recycled in international trade.
Inland transportation: Understanding the various modes of transportation used for transporting goods within a country in international logistics.
Environmental sustainability: Knowledge of sustainable practices and regulations in international logistics to reduce carbon footprint and environmental impact.
Air Freight: Air freight involves the shipping of goods and products through airlines. This method is speedy and offers expedited delivery. As compared to marine transportation, it is relatively more costly.
Ocean Freight: Ocean freight involves the movement of goods and products via ships or vessels. It offers cost-effective and reliable delivery. It is often used for delivering bulk commodities like minerals, metals or large machinery.
Road Freight: Road freight involves the transportation of goods using road vehicles such as trucks or lorries. It is commonly used for local logistics or inter-regional logistics, especially in smaller countries.
Rail Freight: Rail freight involves the movement of goods and products through rail networks. It is economical for bulk transportation and offers safe delivery.
Intermodal Transportation: Intermodal transportation involves the integration of different modes of transportation to ensure effective delivery of goods. For example, intermodal transportation may involve the use of road and water transportation or air and rail transportation.
Door-to-Door Logistics: Door-to-door logistics involves the transportation of goods from the supplier's door to the customer's door. Selected modes of transportation are utilized depending upon the shipping country and the recipient's location.
Customs Clearance: Customs clearance is the process where shipments are declared and cleared by regulatory bodies such as customs offices. It ensures that incoming and outgoing shipments are in compliance with legal regulations.
Document Processing and Management: Document processing and management involve the handling and processing of documents related to logistics, such as shipping documents, import/export forms, customs declarations, etc.
Warehousing and Distribution: Warehousing and distribution help facilitate the storage and movement of goods between different stages in the logistics process.
Reverse Logistics: Reverse logistics involves the movement of goods from their destination back to their original source. This type of logistics is common for goods that need to be returned, recycled or disposed of.