"Self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car (AC), driverless car, or robotic car (robo-car), is a car that is capable of traveling without human input."
The use of technology to improve vehicle safety, communication and automation, including autonomous driving.
Sensor technologies: This includes various types of sensors such as LiDAR, radar, cameras, and GPS, which are used to gather data from the environment surrounding the vehicle.
Communication technologies: These are used for data exchange between the vehicle and other vehicles or infrastructure, such as cellular networks, DSRC, and V2V/V2I communication.
Computer Vision: This is the AI technology used to perceive and identify objects, landmarks, and obstacles by the vehicle's sensors.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: These are used to process vast amounts of data gathered by the sensors to make decisions, such as adjusting speed or choosing the best route.
Control Systems: These are used to control the vehicle's acceleration, braking, and steering to ensure safe and efficient driving.
Localization and Mapping: Precise localization of the vehicle is essential for safe and efficient driving, and accurate maps are necessary to provide contextual information to the control systems.
Human Factors and User Interfaces: This involves designing intuitive and user-friendly interfaces that enable passengers to interact with the vehicle's systems easily.
Cybersecurity and Privacy: It is essential to secure the system against cyberattacks and to protect the privacy of passengers and the data transmitted.
Ethical and Legal Issues: There are various ethical and legal issues related to autonomous vehicles, such as liability, privacy, and regulation.
Energy and Environmental Systems: This involves investigating innovative energy sources and environmental-friendly practices that can be implemented in Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Self-driving cars: These are autonomous vehicles designed to navigate without the need for human intervention. They use advanced sensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to detect their surroundings and make decisions.
Connected cars: Connected cars can connect to other vehicles, road infrastructure, and internet-enabled devices. They exchange information about traffic conditions, weather, and road hazards to ensure safe and efficient driving.
Electric vehicles: Electric vehicles use a battery to power an electric motor that propels the car. They are environmentally friendly and reduce air pollution, noise pollution, and carbon emissions.
Hybrid vehicles: Hybrid vehicles combine a traditional gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery. They are more fuel-efficient than traditional vehicles and produce fewer emissions.
Smart bikes: Smart bikes are equipped with sensors and GPS devices that connect to a mobile app. They can track cycling routes, speed, distance, and calories burned.
Intelligent public transportation: Intelligent public transportation systems use advanced technology to improve the efficiency and safety of public transit. They include features such as real-time tracking, automated fare collection, and route planning.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, commonly known as drones, can be used to inspect transportation infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, and highways. They can also be used for package delivery, traffic monitoring, and emergency response.
Intelligent freight vehicles: Intelligent freight vehicles use technology such as real-time tracking, load optimization, and route planning to improve the efficiency and safety of freight transportation.
Connected boats: Connected boats can connect to other boats, marina systems, and internet-enabled devices. They enable real-time tracking, route planning, and emergency response.
Autonomous shuttle buses: Autonomous shuttle buses transport passengers along fixed routes without the need for a driver. They are being used in cities to reduce traffic congestion, improve public transportation, and provide last-mile connectivity.
"Self-driving cars are responsible for perceiving the environment, monitoring important systems, and control, including navigation."
"Perception accepts visual and audio data from outside and inside the car and interpret the input to abstractly render the vehicle and its surroundings."
"The control system then takes actions to move the vehicle, considering the route, road conditions, traffic controls, and obstacles."
"They have the potential to impact the automotive industry, health, welfare, urban planning, traffic, insurance, labor market, and other domains."
"Appropriate regulations are necessary for deployment."
"Autonomous ground vehicle capabilities can be categorized in six levels defined by SAE International (SAE J3016)."
"As of August 2023, no system had reached the highest level, although multiple vendors are pursuing autonomy."
"Waymo was the first to offer robotaxi rides to the general public."
"Cruise offers services in San Francisco."
"Honda was the first manufacturer to sell a Level 3 car."
"Nuro offers autonomous commercial delivery operations in California."
"DeepRoute.ai launched a robotaxi service in Shenzhen."
"Palo Alto, California certified Nuro at Level 4."
"Perception accepts visual and audio data from outside and inside the car."
"The control system takes actions to move the vehicle, considering the route, road conditions, traffic controls, and obstacles."
"They have the potential to impact the automotive industry, health, welfare, urban planning, traffic, insurance, labor market, and other domains."
"Appropriate regulations are necessary for deployment."
"Autonomous ground vehicle capabilities can be categorized in six levels defined by SAE International (SAE J3016)."
"As of August 2023, no system had reached the highest level, although multiple vendors are pursuing autonomy."