A network device that forwards data packets between different computer networks.
Topology: The physical and logical layout of a network, including how routers are connected.
Routing protocols: The protocol used by routers to communicate with each other and exchange information about network topology.
IP addressing: A means of identifying devices on a network using a unique IP address.
NAT (Network Address Translation): A common method used to translate internal private addresses to public addresses for use on the Internet.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A protocol used by routers to assign IP addresses to devices on a local network.
Port forwarding: The process of directing network traffic from a specific port on a router to a specific device on the network.
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks): A means of separating a network into smaller, isolated networks using software.
Quality of Service (QoS): A means of prioritizing network traffic based on defined rules.
Firewalls: A security measure that monitors and controls inbound and outbound traffic on a network.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): A secure connection between two networks that allows remote access to network resources.
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI): It is a local bus standard that connects peripheral devices to a computer's central processing unit. It was used for internal and external components in desktop and laptop computers.
Universal Serial Bus (USB): It is a popular interface standard used for connecting peripheral devices to a computer. It is an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of up to 10 Gbps.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): It is a high-speed interface that connects peripheral devices to a computer. It can connect several devices to a computer at the same time, and has faster data transfer rates than other types of interfaces.
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA): It is a bus interface that connects storage devices to a computer. It is faster and more efficient than the older Parallel ATA interface.
System Management Bus (SMBus): It is a slow-speed bus used for managing computer hardware components such as fans, power supplies, and temperature sensors.
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA): It was introduced in the early 1980s, and is a legacy bus architecture used in older computer systems. It is a 16-bit bus that supports data transfer rates of up to 8 megabits per second.
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP): It is a high-speed bus architecture used for connecting graphics cards to a computer's motherboard. It is used for playing high-end video games and running intensive graphics applications.
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe): It is a high-speed serial bus architecture used for connecting peripheral devices to a computer's motherboard. It provides faster data transfer rates than the older PCI bus architecture.