"Space exploration is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, its physical exploration is conducted both by uncrewed robotic space probes and human spaceflight."
The investigation of space and other celestial bodies by means of manned and unmanned missions using spacecraft.
History of Space Exploration: The chronological account of human endeavors to explore space and the development of space technology.
Astronomy: The study of celestial objects, including stars and planets, and their interactions with each other.
Astrophysics: A branch of astronomy that studies the physical properties of celestial objects and the laws of physics that govern them.
Rocket science: The science of designing, building, testing, and launching rockets, including their propulsion systems, guidance systems, and safety features.
Orbital mechanics: The study of the motion of objects in orbit around a planet or other celestial body.
Remote sensing: The use of sensors and other instruments to capture data about the Earth and space from a distance.
Robotics: The design and operation of robots, which are used in space exploration to gather data and perform tasks without the need for human intervention.
Planetary science: The study of planets and their characteristics, including their atmospheres, geology, and natural resources.
Astrobiology: The study of life in the universe, including the possibility of extraterrestrial life.
Space weather: The study of the effects of solar activity on the Earth and other planets, including phenomena such as solar flares and geomagnetic storms.
Space law: The legal framework that governs activities in outer space, including space exploration and the commercial use of space.
Commercial space industry: The emerging industry of private companies engaged in space exploration, research, and resource extraction.
Space policy: The development and implementation of government policies and strategies related to space exploration and technology.
Space medicine: The study of the effects of space travel on the human body and the development of medical treatments for space-related illnesses and injuries.
Space communication: The use of advanced communication technologies to enable communication between space probes and their operators on Earth.
Space telescopes: The design and operation of telescopes specialized for observing space from orbit or beyond.
Earth observation: The use of satellites and other tools to monitor and study the Earth's atmosphere, climate, and natural resources.
Lunar exploration: The study of the Moon and its surface, geological processes, and potential for resource extraction.
Mars exploration: The study of Mars and its potential for human habitation, including the possibility of terraforming the planet.
Asteroid and comet exploration: The study of asteroids and comets and their potential as resources for space exploration, as well as their potential impact on Earth.
Human spaceflight: This involves sending humans into space to orbit Earth or travel to other planets and celestial bodies. The goal is to study these bodies and conduct research.
Robotic space exploration: This involves sending unmanned spacecraft to explore and study celestial bodies. Robots are often used in this type of exploration due to their ability to survive harsh environments and perform complex tasks.
Planetary science: This involves studying the planets, moons, and other celestial bodies in our solar system to understand their composition, geology, and potential habitability.
Astrobiology: This is the study of life in the universe. Astrobiologists search for evidence of life on other planets and study the conditions necessary for life to exist.
Astronomy: This involves studying the universe beyond our solar system, including stars, galaxies, and black holes. Astronomers use telescopes and other instruments to observe and explore the cosmos.
Space engineering: This involves designing and building spacecraft and other space technologies. Engineers work to create innovative new technologies that can help humans explore space more efficiently and effectively.
Space medicine: This involves studying the effects of space travel on the human body and developing medical treatments and technologies to help astronauts stay healthy in space.
Space weather: This involves studying the effects of solar activity on Earth's atmosphere and technology. Scientists study space weather to predict and prepare for solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other space weather events.
Space tourism: This involves sending paying customers on suborbital or orbital flights for recreational purposes. The goal is to provide an opportunity for more people to experience space travel and encourage private investment in space exploration.
Space debris mitigation: This involves developing technologies and strategies to prevent space debris from endangering spacecraft and astronauts. This includes tracking and monitoring space debris and developing methods to remove it from orbit.
"Space exploration, like its classical form astronomy, is one of the main sources for space science."
"It was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality."
"The world's first large-scale experimental rocket program was Opel-RAK under the leadership of Fritz von Opel and Max Valier during the late 1920s."
"The Opel-RAK program and the spectacular public demonstrations of ground and air vehicles drew large crowds, as well as caused global public excitement... and had a large long-lasting impact on later spaceflight pioneers like Wernher von Braun."
"Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries."
"The early era of space exploration was driven by a 'Space Race' between the Soviet Union and the United States."
"In fact, the reason NASA was made was due to the response of Sputnik I."
"The launch of the first human-made object to orbit Earth, the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 mission on 20 July 1969 are often taken as landmarks for this initial period."
"The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Alexei Leonov) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971."
"After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS)."
"Constellation, a Bush administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009."
"The Obama administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO."
"In the 2000s, China initiated a successful crewed spaceflight program."
"India launched Chandraayan 1."
"China, Russia, and Japan have advocated crewed missions to the Moon during the 21st century."
"The European Union has advocated crewed missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 20th and 21st century."
"Studying space exploration can help us understand the advancements in technology, the race for space supremacy, and the milestones achieved in human spaceflight."
"The development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century allowed physical space exploration to become a reality."
"Focusing on cooperation, as demonstrated with the International Space Station (ISS), allows for shared resources, knowledge exchange, and joint scientific endeavors."