"Space medicine is a specialized field, which developed from Aerospace medicine, that focuses on the acute medical care of astronauts and spaceflight participants."
Study of the effects of exercise on the human body during extended periods in space.
Anatomy and Physiology: This includes the structure and function of the human body, including major organ systems and muscles.
Energy Systems: How the body produces and uses energy during exercise, including anaerobic and aerobic energy systems.
Nutrition: How diet affects exercise performance and health, including macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).
Cardiovascular Physiology: The circulation of blood through the body and how the heart responds to exercise.
Respiratory Physiology: How the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide during exercise.
Neuromuscular Physiology: The interaction between the nervous system and skeletal muscles during exercise and how this affects movement.
Endocrine Physiology: The role of hormones in exercise, including adrenaline and testosterone.
Physical Fitness Assessment: How to measure and evaluate fitness levels, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility.
Exercise Prescription: How to design exercise programs for specific fitness goals, age groups, and health conditions.
Biomechanics: The study of the mechanics of human movement and how this affects exercise performance.
Environmental Physiology: How the body adapts to different environments, such as altitude or extreme temperatures.
Space Physiology: The effects of space travel on the human body and how to maintain health and fitness in space.
Ergogenic Aids: Substances, devices, and techniques used to enhance exercise performance, such as caffeine, creatine, and compression garments.
Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention: How to prevent and treat injuries, including exercise-based rehabilitation programs.
Sports Psychology: The psychological aspects of exercise, including motivation, stress management, and goal-setting.
Cardiovascular Physiology: The study of how the cardiovascular system adapts to spaceflight and how exercise can affect this system.
Musculoskeletal Physiology: The study of how bones, muscles, and joints adapt to spaceflight and how exercise can prevent or treat the loss of muscle and bone mass.
Respiratory Physiology: The study of how the respiratory system adapts to microgravity and how exercise can help maintain optimal lung function.
Exercise Physiology: The study of how exercise affects the body in space and how it can be used to prevent or treat negative physiological effects of spaceflight.
Neuroscience Physiology: The study of how the nervous system adapts to microgravity and how exercise can help maintain optimal cognitive and emotional function.
Rehabilitation Physiology: The use of exercise to restore function in individuals who have suffered from injury or disease related to spaceflight.
Metabolic Physiology: The study of how the body's metabolic processes are affected by spaceflight and how exercise can help maintain optimal metabolic function.
Environmental Physiology: The study of how the body adapts to different environments, such as high altitude or extreme temperatures, and how these adaptations can be optimized through exercise.
Biomechanics: The study of how body movements are affected by gravity and how exercise programs can be designed to maintain optimal movement and function.
"The spaceflight environment poses many unique stressors to the human body, including G forces, microgravity, unusual atmospheres such as low pressure or high carbon dioxide, and space radiation."
"Space medicine applies emergency medicine, acute care medicine, critical care medicine, interventional radiology, radiology, austere medicine, and toxicology perspectives."
"This expertise is then used to inform vehicle systems design to minimize the risk to human health and performance while meeting mission objectives."
"Astronautical hygiene is the application of science and technology to the prevention or control of exposure to the hazards that may cause astronaut ill health."
"Both these sciences work together to ensure that astronauts work in a safe environment."
"Medical consequences such as possible blindness and bone loss have been associated with human spaceflight."
"In October 2015, the NASA Office of Inspector General issued a health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars."
"Aerospace medicine developed into space medicine, focusing on the acute medical care of astronauts and spaceflight participants."
"Unusual atmospheres such as low pressure or high carbon dioxide" are unique stressors in space.
"Space medicine applies emergency medicine, acute care medicine, critical care medicine, interventional radiology, radiology, austere medicine, and toxicology perspectives."
"This expertise is then used to inform vehicle systems design to minimize the risk to human health and performance while meeting mission objectives."
"Astronautical hygiene ensures the prevention or control of exposure to hazards that may cause astronaut ill health."
"Possible blindness and bone loss have been associated with human spaceflight."
"The health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars."
"The spaceflight environment poses many unique stressors to the human body, including G forces, microgravity, unusual atmospheres such as low pressure or high carbon dioxide, and space radiation."
"The main focus of space medicine is the acute medical care of astronauts and spaceflight participants."
"Space medicine applies emergency medicine, acute care medicine, critical care medicine, interventional radiology, radiology, austere medicine, and toxicology perspectives to treat and prepare for medical problems in space."
"Astronautical hygiene is important to prevent astronaut ill health caused by various hazards."
"The NASA Office of Inspector General issued a health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars, in October 2015."