- "Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation."
Study of the use of multiple spectral bands for remote sensing, and how this can be used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of planetary surfaces and atmospheres.
Electromagnetic spectrum: Multi-spectral remote sensing involves the detection and analysis of electromagnetic radiation. Hence, an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and how different wavelengths behave is essential.
Spectral resolution: Spectral resolution refers to the number of bands in a sensor, with each band representing a specific range of wavelengths. A higher spectral resolution can provide more precise information about the surface being studied.
Radiometry: Radiometry is the science of measuring radiation, including its intensity, direction, and spectral distribution. It is critical for interpreting remote sensing data.
Calibration and validation: Before using remote sensing data, it is crucial to calibrate and validate the sensor's measurements to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Image processing: Once the data has been acquired, it needs to be processed using various techniques and algorithms to extract meaningful information.
Spectral signature: A spectral signature is the unique pattern of reflected radiation from a surface in different wavelength bands. It is used to identify and analyze the material composition of surfaces.
Hyperspectral imaging: Hyperspectral imaging is a type of remote sensing that uses a large number of narrow spectral bands to capture detailed information about the electromagnetic properties of surfaces.
Multispectral imaging: Multispectral imaging is a remote sensing technique that uses a few broad spectral bands to distinguish between different types of surfaces.
Radiative transfer: Radiative transfer is the phenomenon of electromagnetic radiation interacting with matter, including absorption, reflection, and transmission. It is vital for understanding how radiation interacts with surfaces.
Atmospheric correction: The atmosphere can interfere with remote sensing measurements by scattering, absorbing, and reflecting radiation. Atmospheric correction techniques can be used to remove these effects and improve the accuracy of remote sensing data.
Remote sensing platforms: Remote sensing data can be collected using various platforms such as airborne or space-borne sensors, ground-based sensors, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Data fusion: Data fusion involves integrating multiple data sources to produce a more comprehensive understanding of the surface being studied. It is used to combine information from different remote sensing sensors or other sources such as terrestrial or airborne lidar.
Applications of remote sensing in planetary science: Finally, understanding the various applications of remote sensing in planetary science is essential. These can include identifying geological features, measuring surface temperature or composition, and studying atmosphere composition and dynamics.
Visible/near-infrared imaging: It involves capturing visual and near-infrared data to detect the presence of minerals and other substances on planetary surfaces.
Thermal Infrared imaging: It captures the heat emissions from the planetary surface to identify temperature patterns, important for determining the temperature and thus determining the geology.
Ultraviolet imaging: Ultraviolet spectrometry measures the energy radiated from the planetary surface in the ultraviolet wavelength, allowing scientists to identify minerals and other substances that absorb or emit ultraviolet radiation.
Radar Imaging: Radar works by transmitting a radar signal (electric wave that carries information) from a spacecraft towards a planetary surface and then detecting the signal that bounces back to the spacecraft from the surface. With this information, information about the terrain in the form of images and the presence of water/ice beneath the surface can be inferred.
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: X-rays are produced when X-rays pass through a material, and the energy of the resulting x-rays can be measured to determine the chemical makeup of materials on the planetary surface.
Gamma-ray spectrometry: Gamma-ray spectrometry is similar to X-ray fluorescence but works when gamma rays are emitted naturally from the target material rather than passing an X-ray beam through it.
Laser Ranging: High-energy laser beams are directed towards planetary surfaces, allowing scientists to determine the distances and elevations of geographical features.
Hyperspectral imaging: This type of remote sensing uses many more narrow bands than multispectral used today, allowing us to identify very specific materials that can be located in smaller areas.
Radio Science: Radio Science involves transmitting and receiving radio waves to measure properties within a planetary atmosphere or surface, including gravity fields and atmospheric conditions.
- "Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geophysics, geography, land surveying, and most Earth science disciplines."
- "Exploration geophysics, hydrology, ecology, meteorology, oceanography, glaciology, geology"
- "It also has military, intelligence, commercial, economic, planning, and humanitarian applications, among others."
- "The term remote sensing generally refers to the use of satellite- or aircraft-based sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth."
- "It includes the surface and the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals."
- "Active remote sensing is when a signal is emitted by a satellite or aircraft to the object and its reflection detected by the sensor." - "Passive remote sensing is when the reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor."
- "The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth and other planets."
- "It includes the surface and the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation)."
- "It may be split into 'active' remote sensing and 'passive' remote sensing."
- "Active remote sensing is when a signal is emitted by a satellite or aircraft to the object and its reflection detected by the sensor." - "Passive remote sensing is when the reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor."
- "The term remote sensing generally refers to the use of satellite- or aircraft-based sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth."
- "It includes the surface and the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation)."
- "Exploration geophysics, hydrology, ecology, meteorology, oceanography, glaciology, geology"
- "It also has military, intelligence, commercial, economic, planning, and humanitarian applications, among others."
- "Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation."
- "The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth and other planets."
- "Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object."
- "Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geophysics, geography, land surveying and most Earth science disciplines."
- "Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation."