"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this."
Discusses the principles and practices of radiation protection, including dose limits, protective equipment, and safe practices.
Radiation and Radioactivity: Understanding the basic principles of radiation and radioactivity, and their types (alpha, beta, gamma).
Biological Effects of Radiation: Understanding the health effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms, including stochastic and non-stochastic effects.
Dose Units and Measurements: Understanding the SI units for radiation measurement, dose equivalent, and dose rate, including the concept of absorbed dose.
Radiation Protection Principles: Understanding the principles and importance of radiation protection for workers and the public, including the principles of time, distance, and shielding.
Exposure Pathways: Understanding the different pathways that lead to exposure to ionizing radiation, including inhalation, ingestion, and external exposure.
Regulatory Framework: Understanding the regulatory framework surrounding radiation protection, including the role of different regulatory organizations and their responsibilities.
Radiation Detection and Measurement: Understanding the different types of radiation detection and measurement devices, including their principles of operation and limitations.
Radiation Safety Management: Understanding the principles and practices of radiation safety management, including implementation of quality control, personnel monitoring, record keeping, and emergency planning.
Radiation Protection Culture: Understanding the importance of a strong radiation protection culture in organizations and the role of communication, training, and awareness in building a positive culture.
Medical Radiation Protection: Understanding the radiation risks associated with medical procedures and the importance of applying radiation protection principles in medical imaging and therapy procedures.
Personal protective equipment: Clothing, gloves, respirators, and other equipment worn to protect individuals from radioactive particles and materials.
Shielding: Placement of physical barriers between radiation sources and people or equipment to decrease exposure levels.
ALARA: This stands for "as low as reasonably achievable." It is a principle that promotes reducing exposure to radiation to the lowest possible levels.
Time, distance, and shielding: This principle aims at reducing the exposure of radiation by minimizing the amount of time spent near radioactive materials, keeping a safe distance while handling such substances, and using appropriate shielding measures.
Radiation monitoring: The process of monitoring radiation levels in the workplace, environment or living spaces to avoid exposure to excessive radiation.
Contamination control measures: This involves regular monitoring of both internal and external surfaces of objects, equipment and surfaces. The goal is to minimize the likelihood of radioactive contamination spreading or interacting with individuals.
Emergency response measures: Effective planning and training for actions to respond to potential emergencies such as leaks, spills, accidents and other incidents that may result in exposure to radiation.
Dosimetry: This is the measurement of the amount of radiation the human body has been exposed to in the course of any radiation related activities.
Radiation management programs: Training programs and policies aimed at managing radiation exposure levels to protect both individuals and equipment.
Workplace inspections: Regular inspections of radiation prone workspaces and materials to ensure that all adequate radiation safety protocols are in place.
"Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination."
"At high exposures, it can cause 'tissue' effects, also called 'deterministic' effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. For low-level exposures, there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called 'stochastic effects' due to the uncertainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit sievert."
"The avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance, and shielding."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"For internal dose to due to ingestion of radioactive contamination, bioassay techniques are applied."
"The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) publish recommendations and data."
"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation."
"Conventionally indicated by the unit gray."
"Tissue effects due to the certainty of them happening, resulting in acute radiation syndrome."
"Statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer due to the uncertainty of them happening."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"Bioassay techniques are applied."
"Recommendations and data used to calculate the biological effects on the human body of certain levels of radiation and advise acceptable dose uptake limits."