"Radiobiology is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living things, in particular health effects of radiation."
Explains how cells respond to ionizing radiation, including effects on cell cycle progression, growth and differentiation.
Ionizing radiation: Ionizing radiation is any form of radiation that has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, creating ions.
Biological effects of ionizing radiation: This topic covers the various ways in which ionizing radiation can affect living organisms, including DNA damage, mutation, cancer, and cell death.
Radiobiology: Radiobiology is the study of how living systems respond to ionizing radiation.
Radiosensitivity: Radiosensitivity refers to the degree to which a living organism or cell is vulnerable to damage from ionizing radiation.
Radiation dose: Radiation dose is the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by an organism or tissue.
Radiation exposure: Radiation exposure is the amount of ionizing radiation that an organism or tissue is exposed to.
Radioprotection: Radioprotection is the practice of controlling radiation exposure to minimize the risk of health effects.
Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer.
Radiation epidemiology: Radiation epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of radiation-related health effects in populations.
Radiation oncology: Radiation oncology is the medical specialty that deals with the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer.
Radiation safety: Radiation safety is the practice of minimizing the risk of radiation exposure to workers and the public.
Radioisotopes: Radioisotopes are isotopes that exhibit radioactive decay.
Radiation shielding: Radiation shielding refers to the use of materials to reduce exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation detectors: Radiation detectors are devices that can detect ionizing radiation.
DNA damage response: The DNA damage response is the set of cellular processes that respond to damage to DNA, including damage from ionizing radiation.
Radiosurgery: Radiosurgery is a type of surgery that uses ionizing radiation to destroy tumors.
Radiation-induced cancer: Radiation-induced cancer is cancer that is caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiocurability: Radiocurability refers to the ability of ionizing radiation to cure cancer.
Radiation hormesis: Radiation hormesis is the theory that low doses of ionizing radiation can have beneficial effects on human health.
Radiobiological modeling: Radiobiological modeling is the use of mathematics and computer simulations to understand the biological effects of ionizing radiation on living systems.
Absorption: Radiation energy is absorbed by atoms and molecules in the cell, leading to ionization and excitation of electrons.
Direct ionization: Radiation directly hits cellular DNA, causing damage to nucleic acids and other macromolecules. This can lead to cell death and mutations.
Indirect ionization: Radiation causes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, which can damage cellular structures and lead to mutations.
DNA damage recognition and repair: Cells have several mechanisms to recognize and repair DNA damage caused by radiation, including nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and double-strand break repair.
Apoptosis: Radiation can cause cell death through the activation of programmed cell death pathways, such as apoptosis. This is a protective response by the body to eliminate damaged or mutated cells.
Cell-cycle arrest: Radiation can cause cells to stop dividing or delay cell cycle progression, which allows time for DNA repair to occur before the cell divides.
Radiation-induced bystander effects: Radiation can cause damage to neighboring cells that were not directly exposed to the radiation. These bystander effects can include DNA damage, cell death, and mutations.
Adaptive response: Cells can become more resistant to radiation over time, as they are able to activate protective pathways that reduce the effects of radiation exposure.
Radiation-induced genomic instability: Radiation exposure can lead to long-term genomic instability, which can result in mutations in future generations of cells.
Immune response: Radiation can activate the body's immune system, leading to the elimination of damaged or mutated cells. This response is important in preventing the development of cancer.
"Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things..."
"But can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis."
"Its most common impact is the induction of cancer with a latent period of years or decades after exposure."
"High doses can cause visually dramatic radiation burns and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome."
"Controlled doses are used for medical imaging and radiotherapy."
"(also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology)"
"the effects of ionizing radiation on living things"
"...for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis."
"...with a latent period of years or decades after exposure."
"...cause visually dramatic radiation burns and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome."
"Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things..."
"Controlled doses are used for medical imaging and radiotherapy."
"...for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis."
"...can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis."
"Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things..."
"...study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living things..."
"High doses can cause visually dramatic radiation burns and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome."
"Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things, but can have health benefits in radiation therapy..."
"...the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living things, in particular health effects of radiation."