"In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body."
Factors that affect the orbit of an object such as atmospheric drag and gravitational pull from other celestial bodies.
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion: These three laws describe the motion of planets in orbit around the sun.
Newton's Laws of Motion: Describes the motion of objects in space, including how gravity affects them.
Two-Body Problem: The mathematical model used to calculate the motion of two celestial bodies under the influence of gravity.
Three-Body Problem: The mathematical model used to calculate the motion of three celestial bodies under the influence of gravity.
Perturbation Theory: The mathematical method used to calculate the effects of small forces on the motion of a celestial body.
J2 Perturbation: The effects of the Earth's oblate shape on the motion of satellites in low Earth orbit.
Lunar Perturbations: The effects of the moon's gravity on the orbit of a satellite around the Earth.
Solar Radiation Pressure: The pressure exerted by the sun's radiation on a satellite, which affects its orbit.
Atmospheric Drag: The drag force that satellites experience due to the atmosphere, which affects their orbit.
Stationkeeping: The methods used to maintain the proper position and velocity of a satellite in its orbit.
Orbit Determination: The process of determining the orbit of a satellite based on its measurements and observations from the ground.
Orbital Maneuvers: The techniques used to change the orbit of a satellite, including orbital transfers and orbital corrections.
J2 Perturbation: Caused by the Earth's oblateness, which results in the non-spherical shape of the Earth.
Lunar Perturbation: Caused by the gravitational attraction of the Moon.
Solar Perturbation: Caused by the gravitational attraction of the Sun.
Atmospheric Drag: Caused by the atmospheric drag on the spacecraft as it moves through the Earth's upper atmosphere.
Gravity Gradients: Caused by the differences in gravitational forces acting on different parts of the spacecraft.
Eccentricity Perturbation: Caused by the deviation in the shape of an orbit from a perfect circle.
Inclination Perturbation: Caused by the inclination of the spacecraft's orbit to the equator.
Third Body Perturbations: Caused by the gravitational attraction of other celestial bodies, other than the Sun and Moon.
Undesirable Resonances: Occur when the natural frequencies of oscillation of a spacecraft match the frequencies of any external forces acting on it.
Radiation Pressure: Occurs due to the pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation on a spacecraft.
Solar Wind: Caused by the stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun.
Magnetic Fields: Caused by the magnetic fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies.
Thermal Radiation: Caused by the emission of heat from the spacecraft.
Electrostatic Forces: Caused by the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surface of the spacecraft.
Debris and Space debris: Caused by the collision with other objects in space.
"The other forces can include a third (fourth, fifth, etc.) body, resistance, as from an atmosphere, and the off-center attraction of an oblate or otherwise misshapen body."
"Perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body."
"The gravitational attraction of a single other massive body."
"The other forces can include a third (fourth, fifth, etc.) body."
"Resistance, as from an atmosphere"
"The off-center attraction of an oblate or otherwise misshapen body."
"Astronomy"
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"Perturbation is the complex motion...other than the gravitational attraction."
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"Perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body."
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