"The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation."
Observatories that are placed in orbit to study astronomy and cosmology beyond the Earth's atmosphere.
Early Pioneers of Space Exploration: Overview of the first attempts to send objects and humans beyond Earth's atmosphere, including rocket launches and early satellite missions.
Cold War Space Race: Overview of the political and technological competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to achieve space milestones including the launch of the first satellite, animals, and humans in space.
Human Spaceflight: Overview of the various human spaceflight missions that were conducted and the individuals who participated in them.
Types of Space Telescopes: Explanation of the various types of telescopes that are launched into space, including optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray telescopes.
Hubble Space Telescope: Overview of the groundbreaking Hubble Space Telescope, including its launch, technology, and discoveries.
Challenges of Space Telescope Launch: Discussing the technical difficulties involved in launching and maintaining space telescopes, including the extreme temperatures and radiation exposure.
Scientific Discoveries: Overview of the various discoveries made by space telescopes in different areas of astronomy, such as exoplanet detection, black hole studies, and observations of the early universe.
International Collaborations: Explanation of the various collaborations between countries and space agencies to launch and operate space telescopes, such as the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory or the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Future Missions: Explanation of future space telescope missions, such as the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST).
Commercial Space Telescopes: Overview of the emerging trend of private companies launching space telescopes for scientific and commercial purposes.
NASA and Space Exploration: Explanation of NASA's role in space exploration, including its budget, locations, and goals.
International Space Laws and Regulations: Discussion of the various international treaties and regulations that govern space activities, including space tourism and commercial launches.
Military Space Programs: Overview of the military space programs of different countries, including the use of satellites for reconnaissance, communication, and missile defense.
Space Debris and Cleanup: Discussion of the growing problem of space debris and the various solutions proposed to clean up orbital space.
Spacecraft Design and Engineering: Explanation of the various technologies involved in designing and building spacecraft, including propulsion, communication, and imaging systems.
Hubble Space Telescope: Launched in 1990, this telescope is still in operation today and is one of the most famous space telescopes. It orbits the Earth and has a 2.4-meter mirror, allowing it to capture images of space in visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.
Chandra X-ray Observatory: Launched in 1999, this telescope orbits the Earth at a higher altitude than the Hubble Telescope, enabling it to capture X-ray images of the universe.
Spitzer Space Telescope: Launched in 2003, this telescope was designed to study the universe using infrared light. Its location away from the Earth and subsequent low temperatures allowed it to capture images not possible from Earth.
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory: Launched in 1991 and decommissioned in 2000, this telescope was designed to study gamma rays from space.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope: Launched in 2008, this telescope is designed to study gamma rays from sources such as supernova remnants and active galaxies.
Kepler Space Telescope: Launched in 2009, this telescope was designed to search for exoplanets, planets that exist outside of our solar system, using the transit method.
James Webb Space Telescope: Set for launch in 2021, this telescope is the successor to Hubble and is designed to study the first galaxies to form in the universe, the atmospheres of exoplanets, and other astronomical phenomena in infrared light.
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite: Launched in 2018, this telescope’s main mission is to search for exoplanets using the transit method.
Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer: Launched in 2017, this telescope is designed to study how gravity and magnetic fields interact around objects such as black holes and neutron stars.
NuSTAR: Launched in 2012, this telescope is designed to capture high-energy X-rays from objects such as black holes, supernova remnants, and neutron stars.
Gaia: Launched in 2013, this telescope is designed to measure the positions, distances, and motions of stars in our galaxy.
TESS: Launched in 2018, this telescope is designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method and is focused on finding exoplanets that could potentially support life.
Astro-H: Launched in 2016 and decommissioned only a month later due to technical failure, this telescope was designed to study high-energy phenomena in space using X-ray spectroscopy.
"Hubble features a 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) mirror, and its five main instruments observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum."
"The Hubble telescope is named after astronomer Edwin Hubble."
"The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) selects Hubble's targets and processes the resulting data."
"The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) controls the spacecraft."
"Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to capture extremely high-resolution images with substantially lower background light than ground-based telescopes."
"Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as determining the rate of expansion of the universe."
"Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923, and the Hubble telescope was funded and built in the 1970s by the United States space agency NASA with contributions from the European Space Agency."
"Its intended launch was in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the 1986 Challenger disaster."
"The optics were corrected to their intended quality by a servicing mission in 1993."
"Five Space Shuttle missions have repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope, including all five of the main instruments."
"Hubble completed 30 years of operation in April 2020."
"Hubble is predicted to last until 2030–2040."
"Hubble is the visible light telescope in NASA's Great Observatories program; other parts of the spectrum are covered by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope (which covers the infrared bands)."
"The mid-IR-to-visible band successor to the Hubble telescope is the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)."
"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) [...] was launched on December 25, 2021."
"The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is due to follow in 2027."
"The project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the 1986 Challenger disaster."
"Hubble features a 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) mirror, and its five main instruments observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum."
"It is one of the largest and most versatile, renowned both as a vital research tool and as a public relations boon for astronomy." Please note that the given paragraph does not contain explicit quotes for all the study questions. For some questions, the information is derived from the context provided.