Study of the long-term evolution of exoplanets, including their atmospheric escape, cooling, and migration.
Planetary Formation: This is the study of how planets form from protoplanetary disks, which are formed around young stars.
Planetesimal Accretion: This is the process by which small particles in a protoplanetary disk come together to form larger objects, known as planetesimals.
Planet Migration: This is the process by which planets move around in their respective solar systems.
Exoplanet Atmospheres: This is the study of the gases that surround exoplanets.
Exoplanet Habitability: This is the study of whether exoplanets can support life.
Transit Photometry: This is a method used to detect exoplanets by measuring the small dip in the brightness of a star as the planet passes in front of it.
Radial Velocity: This is a method used to detect exoplanets by measuring the slight wobble of a star caused by the gravitational pull of its orbiting planets.
Direct Imaging: This is a method used to detect exoplanets by taking pictures of them directly.
Astrometry: This is a method used to detect exoplanets by measuring the slight movement of a star caused by the gravitational pull of its planet.
Exoplanet Classification: This is the categorization of exoplanets based on their physical characteristics, such as size, mass, and density.
Exoplanet Host Stars: This is the study of the stars that exoplanets orbit around, including their age, mass, and metallicity.
Planetary Systems: This is the study of the arrangement and properties of planets and their host stars.
Planetary Habitability Zones: This is the range of distances from a star where a planet can have the right conditions for liquid water to exist on its surface.
Planetary Tides: This is the study of the gravitational interaction between a planet and its host star or other planets, which can cause tidal heating and other effects.
Exoplanet Exploration: This is the study of current and future missions and telescopes that are used to detect and study exoplanets.
Formation: The process by which exoplanets are formed from dust and gas orbiting a young star.
Migration: The process by which exoplanets move from their original orbits to their current positions, often due to gravitational interactions with other planets or with the protoplanetary disk.
Atmosphere Evolution: Changes in the composition and properties of an exoplanet's atmosphere over time due to various factors, such as volcanic activity or atmospheric escape.
Tidal Evolution: The process by which an exoplanet's orbit and rotation are affected by the gravitational forces of its host star or other planets in the system.
Magnetic Field Evolution: The evolution of the magnetic field of an exoplanet, which can be influenced by its rotation, atmosphere, and interaction with its host star's magnetic field.
Ring Evolution: Changes in the composition and structure of an exoplanet's rings over time, often due to collisions with moonlets or other objects.
Habitability Evolution: The potential for an exoplanet to support life can change over time due to changes in its atmosphere or other factors.
Climate Evolution: Changes in the climate of an exoplanet over time due to various factors, such as changes in its atmosphere or changes in its orbit.
Consequence of Collision: The formation and evolution of an exoplanet resulting from a collision between two or more protoplanetary bodies.
Planetary Migration: The process by which exoplanets move to different locations in their planetary systems, often due to gravitational interactions with other planets or with the protoplanetary disk.
Geochemistry: The chemical and geological processes that shape the surface and interior of an exoplanet.
Stellar Interaction: The impact of a star's magnetic field, radiation, or winds on the evolution of an exoplanet.
Post-Main Sequence Evolution: The evolution of exoplanets once their host stars have exhausted their nuclear fuel and transition to a different phase of stellar evolution.
Habitability Enhancements: Various processes that can enhance or inhibit the habitability of an exoplanet, such as the presence of a magnetic field or the presence of water.
Deformation and Fracturing: The deformation and fracturing of the surface and interior of an exoplanet due to internal and external forces.