"Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star."
Classification of exoplanets based on their physical and orbital properties like size, mass, density, temperature, composition, atmosphere, and habitability.
Planet detection methods: Different methods like radial velocity, transit method, direct imaging, microlensing, and astrometry are used to detect exoplanets.
Planetary orbital properties: Characteristics of the planetary orbit like eccentricity, semimajor axis, and inclination determine the habitability and composition of the exoplanets.
Stellar properties: Exoplanet properties are highly dependent on the parent star, so understanding the properties of the star, like mass, radius, temperature, age, and metallicity, is crucial.
Planetary atmosphere: Study of the atmospheric properties of exoplanets like temperature, pressure, composition (like Carbon molecules), and the presence of clouds and aerosols can help classify them.
Planetary composition: The composition of exoplanets can vary from gas giants like Jupiter to rocky planets like Earth. Understanding the composition of the planet gives insights to their formation and habitability.
Planetary environment: The study of the geology, climate, and magnetic fields of exoplanets is essential in understanding the habitability and classification of the exoplanet.
Habitable zone: The zone around a star, which could support liquid water on an exoplanet, known as the habitable zone's study, helps classify the exoplanet.
Exoplanet habitability: The conditions required to support life are studied to detect habitable exoplanets, and their habitability classification is essential.
Transit spectroscopy: Spectroscopy, which uses the data obtained during a transit event of an exoplanet, can help accurately determine the composition and atmospheric properties of the planet.
Radial velocity spectroscopy: Measurement of the Doppler shift in the star's spectrum can help us determine the mass and composition of the exoplanet.
Exoplanet demographics: Study of the exoplanet population and the properties can give insights into their formation, evolution, and distribution.
Exoplanet data analysis and interpretation: Statistical and computational methods used for analyzing and interpreting the exoplanet data obtained from various telescopes and spacecrafts.
Exoplanet mission and projects: The spacecraft missions like TESS, CHEOPS, and James Webb Space Telescope, which are dedicated to the study of exoplanets.
Exoplanet classification systems: Various classification systems based on different parameters like size, mass, orbit, and habitability of exoplanets have been proposed.
Hot Jupiter: A gas giant similar to Jupiter but orbits closer to its star, resulting in high temperatures.
Super Earth: A rocky planet that is larger than Earth but smaller than a gas giant.
Mini Neptune: A planet that has a small solid core surrounded by a thick atmosphere composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
Pulsar planet: A planet that orbits a pulsar, a highly-magnetized neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation.
Earth analog: A planet that is similar to Earth in terms of size, composition, and distance from its star.
Tatooine-like planet: A planet that orbits two stars, similar to the fictional planet from the Star Wars franchise.
Water world: A planet that has a large proportion of its surface covered in water, with no or mostly small continents.
Rogue planet: A planet that does not orbit a star and instead wanders through the galaxy on its own.
Hot super Earth: A rocky planet that is larger than Earth and has a hot, thick atmosphere.
Chthonian planet: A planet that has lost its outer atmosphere due to its close proximity to its star, leaving behind only a rocky core.
Lava planet: A planet with a molten surface due to its proximity to its star.
Carbon planet: A planet that has a high proportion of carbon in its composition, possibly with a diamond-like structure.
Exomoons: Moons that orbit exoplanets, potentially with their own habitable conditions.
Gas dwarf: A type of exoplanet that is smaller than gas giants but still composed mostly of gas, often existing in a transition zone between rocky and gaseous planets.
Desert planet: A planet with a hot surface and little to no atmosphere, similar to Tatooine in the Star Wars franchise.
Garden planet: A potentially habitable exoplanet with the right conditions for life to exist.
"A star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it."
"The light from the parent star causes a glare that washes it out."
"Very few of the exoplanets reported as of April 2014 have been observed directly."
"Even fewer (exoplanets) being resolved from their host star."
"Astronomers have generally had to resort to indirect methods."
"As of 2016, several different indirect methods have yielded success."