"The first confirmation of the detection occurred in 1992."
Study of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun.
Star Formation: The process of how stars form and the different types of stars in the universe.
Planetary Formation: The process of how planets form around a star and the different types of planets in the universe.
Exoplanet Detection Methods: Techniques used by astronomers to detect exoplanets, including direct and indirect methods.
Exoplanet Characteristics: The physical and chemical properties of exoplanets, such as their size, mass, density, and composition.
Exoplanet Habitability: Factors that influence whether an exoplanet can support life, including the presence of water and the stability of the planet's orbit.
Exoplanet Atmospheres: The composition and structure of the atmospheres of exoplanets, including their temperature, pressure, and chemistry.
Planetary Migration: The movement of planets within a planetary system and how it can affect the formation and stability of exoplanets.
Planetary Dynamics: The study of the motion of planets and other objects in a planetary system, including gravitational interactions and orbital mechanics.
Exoplanet Classification: The categorization of exoplanets based on their physical properties and characteristics.
Exoplanet Data Analysis: Techniques used to interpret and analyze data collected from observations of exoplanets, including statistical methods and computer modeling.
Astrobiology: The study of the origin, distribution, and evolution of life in the universe, including the search for extraterrestrial life on exoplanets.
Stellar Evolution: The process of how stars change over time, including their life cycle, death, and potential impact on their planetary systems.
Planetary Atmospheres and Climate: The role of atmospheric conditions on a planet's climate, including the effects of temperature, pressure, composition, and solar radiation.
Planetary Habitability Zones: The regions around a star where conditions are favorable for life to exist and the potential for exoplanets to exist within these zones.
Planetary Surfaces and Geology: The physical characteristics of planetary surfaces, including their geology, geography, and composition, and the role they play in determining the conditions of habitability.
Hot Jupiters: Massive gas giants that orbit very close to their star, allowing for extremely high temperatures.
Super-Earths: Rocky planets that are larger than Earth but smaller than gas giants.
Ocean worlds: Planets covered in a liquid ocean, either water or other types of liquid.
Gas giants: Large planets made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, similar to Jupiter and Saturn in our solar system.
Mini-Neptunes: Planets with masses and sizes between those of Earth and Neptune, composed mostly of ice and gas.
Chthonian planets: Former gas giants that have lost all or most of their gaseous atmospheres and are now just a rocky core.
Rogue planets: Planets that are not bound to any star, instead drifting through space on their own.
Pulsar planets: Planets that orbit around a rapidly rotating neutron star, or pulsar, which emits intense radiation.
Tatooine planets: Planets with two parent stars, like the iconic planet in Star Wars.
Ultra-short period planets: Planets with extremely short orbital periods, less than one Earth day.
Lava planets: Planets with extremely high surface temperatures, causing their surfaces to melt and turn into lava.
Carbon planets: Planets made mostly of carbon-rich materials, such as diamonds or graphite.
Iron planets: Planets with high densities and mostly composed of iron due to intense pressure and high temperatures.
Magneto-planets: Planets that have strong magnetic fields, which can protect them from solar wind and radiation.
Terrestrial planets: Rocky planets like Earth, Mars, and Venus, with solid surfaces and few or no rings or moons.
"As of 1 September 2023, there are 5,506 confirmed exoplanets."
"with 878 systems having more than one planet."
"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to discover more exoplanets, and also much more about exoplanets, including composition, environmental conditions, and potential for life."
"Transit photometry and Doppler spectroscopy have found the most."
"85% of the exoplanets detected are inside the tidal locking zone."
"About 1 in 5 Sun-like stars have an 'Earth-sized' planet in the habitable zone."
"...it can be hypothesized that there are 11 billion potentially habitable Earth-sized planets in the Milky Way, rising to 40 billion if planets orbiting the numerous red dwarfs are included."
"The least massive exoplanet known is Draugr, which is about twice the mass of the Moon."
"The most massive exoplanet listed on the NASA Exoplanet Archive is HR 2562 b, about 30 times the mass of Jupiter."
"Known orbital times for exoplanets vary from less than an hour (for those closest to their star) to thousands of years."
"However, there is evidence that extragalactic planets, exoplanets farther away in galaxies beyond the local Milky Way galaxy, may exist."
"The nearest exoplanets are located 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs) from Earth and orbit Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun."
"The discovery of exoplanets has intensified interest in the search for extraterrestrial life."
"There is special interest in planets that orbit in a star's habitable zone (or sometimes called 'goldilocks zone'), where it is possible for liquid water, a prerequisite for life as we know it, to exist on the surface."
"Rogue planets are those that do not orbit any star."
"The rogue planets in the Milky Way possibly number in the billions or more."
"However, the study of planetary habitability also considers a wide range of other factors in determining the suitability of a planet for hosting life."
"Transit photometry and Doppler spectroscopy have found the most."
"The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917, but was not recognized as such."