"Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time."
The study of the earth and its composition, structure and processes.
Plate tectonics: The study of the movement and interactions of the Earth's lithospheric plates.
Earth's structure: The study of the Earth's interior, including its composition and layering.
Rocks and minerals: The study of different types of rocks and minerals and their properties.
Volcanism: The study of how volcano's form and the geologic processes associated with them.
Seismology: The study of earthquakes and the movements of the Earth's crust.
Petrology: The study of the origin, composition, and structure of rocks.
Geomorphology: The study of landforms and the processes that shape them, such as erosion and weathering.
Stratigraphy: The study of the layers of sediment and rock that make up the Earth's crust.
Earthquakes: The study of how earthquakes happen, their effects on the Earth, and how to reduce their impact.
Geologic time: The study of the Earth's history and the different periods through which it has evolved.
Planetary geology: The study of the geology of other planets and celestial bodies.
Mineralogy: The study of minerals and their properties, including identification and classification.
Geophysics: The study of the physical properties of the Earth, including gravity and magnetic fields.
Remote sensing: The use of satellites and other electronic instruments to gather information about the Earth's surface.
Geochemistry: The study of the chemical processes and reactions that occur in the Earth.
Geohazards: The study of natural phenomena that can cause harm to humans and the environment, including landslides, floods, and tsunamis.
Environmental geology: The study of the interactions between geologic processes and the environment, including pollution and resource depletion.
Groundwater hydrology: The study of the movement of water through underground rock formations.
Oceanography: The study of the formation and movement of oceans, including their chemistry, biology, and geology.
Paleontology: The study of fossils and ancient life forms, with a focus on how they evolved and how they fit into the Earth's history.
Physical Geology: This branch of geology deals with the study of the physical processes that occur in the Earth's crust.
Sedimentology: Sedimentology is a branch of geology that studies sedimentary rocks and the processes by which they were formed.
Stratigraphy: Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that studies rock layers and the relationships between them.
Volcanology: Volcanology is the study of volcanoes, their eruptions, and the geological features that result from them.
Mineralogy: Mineralogy is the study of minerals and their properties.
Petrology: Petrology is a branch of geology that studies rocks and their origins.
Geochemistry: Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the Earth and other planets.
Structural Geology: Structural geology is a branch of geology that studies the deformation of rocks and the geological structures that result from it.
Paleontology: Paleontology is the study of fossils and the history of life on earth.
Geophysics: Geophysics is the study of the physical properties of the Earth, including its gravitational, magnetic, and seismic properties.
Economic Geology: Economic geology is the study of ore deposits and other natural resources that can be economically extracted from the Earth.
Astrogeology: Astrogeology is the study of the geology of celestial bodies, including planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
"Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure."
"Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation."
"Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages."
"By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole."
"Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics."
"Geology provides insights into past climate change."
"Geologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modeling."
"In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding natural hazards, remediating environmental problems."
"Geology is central to geological engineering and plays an important role in geotechnical engineering."
"Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth', and λoγία (-logía) 'study of, discourse')"
"Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science."
"One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth."
"Geologists study the evolutionary history of life."
"Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation."
"Geologists use fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modeling to understand the Earth's structure."
"Geology is important for evaluating water resources."
"Geology is important for understanding natural hazards."
"Geology plays a role in remediating environmental problems."
"Geology is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science."